fungi biodiversity/phyla

• soil, marine, freshwater

• 30 spp.

• unicellular with flagellated spores

• chitin walls

• many are parasites of plant and protists

• basal

cryptomycetes

• unicellular parasites of protists & animals incl. humans

• reduced mitochondria

• nonflagellated harpoon-like high resistant spores

• chitin walls

• example: colony collapse disorder

• Fibrillanosema cragonycis

• 1300 spp

• basal

microsporidians

• in lakes, soils oceans

• hydrothermal vents

• decomposers, and parasites/mutualists

• unicellular or colonoal spp

• 1000 spp

• chitin walls

• zoospores - flagellated spores

Chytrids

• mostly parac\sites of animals, fungi, protists

• form filamentous hyphae

• 900 spp

• asexual rep

• non flagellated spores

• chitin walls

• behaviorial changes in insects

• zygosporangia - proectected zygote (sexual stage)

• wind-dispersed spores

Zoopagomycetes

• molds

• 750 spp

• chitin cell walls

• coenocytic hyphae - penetrate rotting food

• plasmogamy - mycelia fusion

• karyogamy - nuclei fusion in zygoproangia

• wind-dispersed spores

• nonflagellated spores

• glomeronmycetes - evolutionary relation; 85% of plant spp; forms arbuscular mycorhizae with plants

• Rhizopus stolonifer life cycle - black bread mold

Mucoromycetes

• asci - saclike sporangia

• ascocarps - fruiting bodies ; sexual reproducation

• plant pthogen, decomp, & symbiotic with green algae or cynobacteria

• cell wall chitin

• conidia - asexual spores on conidiophores

• dikaryotic cells - contain 2 hapliod nuclei

• ascospores - wind dispersed sexual spores from asci/ascocarp 8 per ascus

• Neurospora crassa life cycle - promotes diversity 33x human’s

• sac/cup fungi

• truffles ; morels

• 90,000 spp. highest

Ascomycetes

• mushrooms, bracket fungi, puffballs

  • important decomp of wood

  • mutualists / paractes

  • 50,000 spp.

• chitin wall

• basidia - bears 4 basidiospores

  • located on giils

  • gills under cap

• basidiocarp- fruiting bodies (mushrooms)

• dikaryotic cells - similar to ascomycetes, but long-lived

• basidiospores- wind dispersed sexual spores

  • in basidia

Basidiomycetes

• imperfect

• yeast & filamentous fungi with no sexual stage

  • will be reclassified if sexual stage discovered

• most spp are ascomycetes or basidiomycetes

  • reproduce asexually like the above

Dueteromycetes