fungi biodiversity/phyla

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8 Terms

1
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  • soil, marine, freshwater

  • 30 spp.

  • unicellular with flagellated spores

  • chitin walls

  • many are parasites of plant and protists

  • basal

cryptomycetes

2
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  • unicellular parasites of protists & animals incl. humans

  • reduced mitochondria

  • nonflagellated harpoon-like high resistant spores

  • chitin walls

  • example: colony collapse disorder

  • Fibrillanosema cragonycis

  • 1300 spp

  • basal

microsporidians

3
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  • in lakes, soils oceans

  • hydrothermal vents

  • decomposers, and parasites/mutualists

  • unicellular or colonoal spp

  • 1000 spp

  • chitin walls

  • zoospores - flagellated spores

Chytrids

4
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  • mostly parac\sites of animals, fungi, protists

  • form filamentous hyphae

  • 900 spp

  • asexual rep

  • non flagellated spores

  • chitin walls

  • behaviorial changes in insects

  • zygosporangia - proectected zygote (sexual stage)

  • wind-dispersed spores

Zoopagomycetes

5
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  • molds

  • 750 spp

  • chitin cell walls

  • coenocytic hyphae - penetrate rotting food

  • plasmogamy - mycelia fusion

  • karyogamy - nuclei fusion in zygoproangia

  • wind-dispersed spores

  • nonflagellated spores

  • glomeronmycetes - evolutionary relation; 85% of plant spp; forms arbuscular mycorhizae with plants

  • Rhizopus stolonifer life cycle - black bread mold

Mucoromycetes

6
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  • asci - saclike sporangia

  • ascocarps - fruiting bodies ; sexual reproducation

  • plant pthogen, decomp, & symbiotic with green algae or cynobacteria

  • cell wall chitin

  • conidia - asexual spores on conidiophores

  • dikaryotic cells - contain 2 hapliod nuclei

  • ascospores - wind dispersed sexual spores from asci/ascocarp 8 per ascus

  • Neurospora crassa life cycle - promotes diversity 33x human’s

  • sac/cup fungi

  • truffles ; morels

  • 90,000 spp. highest

Ascomycetes

7
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  • mushrooms, bracket fungi, puffballs

    • important decomp of wood

    • mutualists / paractes

    • 50,000 spp.

  • chitin wall

  • basidia - bears 4 basidiospores

    • located on giils

    • gills under cap

  • basidiocarp- fruiting bodies (mushrooms)

  • dikaryotic cells - similar to ascomycetes, but long-lived

  • basidiospores- wind dispersed sexual spores

    • in basidia

Basidiomycetes

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  • imperfect

  • yeast & filamentous fungi with no sexual stage

    • will be reclassified if sexual stage discovered

  • most spp are ascomycetes or basidiomycetes

    • reproduce asexually like the above

Dueteromycetes