ap world unit 5 questions

Main Enlightenment ideals

-truth

-natural law \> divine law

-reason/logic

-improvement through education

-human experience

Previous/old mindsets

-religion

-divine law

-tradition

-absolute monarchy

What factors facilitated the spread of Enlightenment ideals within and outside of Europe?

-commentary, support, and contribution from philosophers

-dissatisfaction with absolutism

-desire for more rights/freedoms

Natural Rights

all people are born with certain inalienable rights to life, liberty, and property

Social Contract

-between a ruler and the ruled

-the ruled give up certain freedoms in order to protect their rights

Nationalism

-loyalty to a particular nation and its people

-new concept!

-garnered support for revolutions

How did the Enlightenment lead to social changes during the 1750-1900 time period?

-many social movements emerged to give (deserved) rights to certain groups

-women's suffrage movement

-abolition movement

-end of serfdom

-various revolutions

Explain the origins of feminism in this time period

-emerged during the Enlightenment

-supported by women like Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, and Mary Wollstonecraft

Suffrage

the right to vote

Mary Wollstonecraft

-argued that women should receive the same education as men

-wrote Vindication of the Rights of Women

Olympe de Gouge

wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen

Causes of the American Revolution

-stricter control from the British

-desire to protect existing rights

-democratic tendencies

-more open society (no legal class distinctions, etc.)

Effects of the American Revolution

-independence!!

-political and legal equality for all white men with property

-no slavery in the North

-inspired other revolutions

Causes of the French Revolution

-widespread unemployment

-rising food prices

-peasants subjected to dues, taxes, + free labor

-little say in government for the lower classes

Effects of the French Revolution

-no feudalism

-slavery temporarily abolished

-king + queen executed

-calendar reset at year zero

-expansion of women's' rights

Causes of the Haitian Revolution

-society based on inequality

-horrible working conditions for slaves

-inspired/encouraged by French Revolution

Effects of the Haitian Revolution

-independence

-renamed Haiti

-became the world's first black republic

-indemnity payments to France

Causes of the Latin American Revolutions

-Creoles wanted to maintain privileges and gain independence from whites

-Napoleon forced the Portuguese royal family out and they fled to Brazil, which they decided they liked better

-peasant uprisings in Mexico

-Simon Bolivar's efforts in Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador

-rigid social and church hierarchies allowed little freedom for many classes

Effects of the Latin American Revolutions

-Latin America gained independence from Spain

-new Spanish constitution

-social hierarchy remained but peninsulares were gone

-military dictatorships in some countries

Liberalism

-progressive but gradual change

-supported some revolutionary ideals but not necessarily revolution itself

Factors that contributed to the Industrial Revolution

-access to rivers

-coal, iron, + timber distribution

-urbanization

-improved agriculture

-access to foreign resources

-accumulation of capital

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin and why did it begin there?

-Britain

-abundant iron + coal

-many harbors + rivers

-large labor supply

-not involved in Napoleonic Wars

-existing roads + railways + canals

-enclosure

-European politics (small + competitive states) favored innovation

Enclosure

-landlords fenced in land + claimed as private property

-less land wasted

-machinery could be used on larger plots of land

-crop rotation

-good farmers' land didn't suffer due to neighbors' neglectfulness

-eviction of many smaller farmers + villagers who couldn't prove land rights

-poor farmers unable to compete

Factory System

-production concentrated in a specific location

-specialization of roles

-machinery

-mass production

-workers subject to oversight

Cottage Industry

-domestic system

-production done by hand in the home

-workers set own hours

Specialization of Labor

allowed workers to become proficient in one specific skill, leading to assembly line production in which many people worked to produce each product quickly and efficiently

Which areas in and outside of Europe adopted industrial production?

-Britain

-NW Europe

-Russia

-U.S.

-Ottoman Empire (failed)

How did the increase in industrial production in Europe lead to a decline of manufacturing in other regions?

-textile production in India + Egypt was outpaced by Europe