Properties of Solutions: Key Concepts for ATI TEAS 7

What is a solution?

A uniform mixture of two or more substances

What is a solute?

Substance being dissolved

What is a solvent?

Substance that dissolves the solute

Which is present in greater amount in a solution?

Solvent

What is molarity (M)?

Concentration of a solution measured in moles per liter

What does high molarity mean?

More solute in solution

What does low molarity mean?

Less solute in solution

Why is water a good solvent?

Because it is polar

What is polarity?

Uneven distribution of electrical charge

What is hydrogen bonding?

Attraction between water molecules due to polarity

What is cohesion?

Water molecules sticking to each other

What is adhesion?

Water molecules sticking to other substances

What types of substances dissolve well in water?

Polar substances

What types of substances do not dissolve well in water?

Nonpolar substances

Give an example of a polar substance.

Sugar or salt

Give an example of a nonpolar substance.

Oil or fat

What is osmosis?

Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane

From where to where does water move during osmosis?

From low solute concentration to high solute concentration

What is a selectively permeable membrane?

Allows some substances to pass but not others

What happens in a hypotonic solution?

Causes cell to swell

What happens in an isotonic solution?

Causes no net movement of water

What happens in a hypertonic solution?

Causes cell to shrink

What does 'like dissolves like' mean?

Polar dissolves polar, nonpolar dissolves nonpolar

What moves during osmosis?

Water only

What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?

Diffusion: solutes move; Osmosis: water moves

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