Cell Microstructure and Function
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39 Terms
What is meant by cell continuity?
Cells derived from other cells
Compare plant cells to animal cells.
Plant- Large permanent vacuole, chloroplast, cell wall
What is another name for cell membrane?
Plasmalemma
Important features of the cell membrane
Selectively permeable, recognition proteins, receptors
What are pathogens?
Disease causing organisms
What are toxins?
Poisons
What is protoplasm?
All of cell contents except large vacuole
What is found on the surface of cells?
Receptors for hormones, receptors for transmitter substances, self identifiers
What is Cytoplasm?
All of cell except nucleus, cell wall, large vacuole
What does the nucleus do?
Controls the cell, makes components of ribosomes
What is chromatin?
DNA, protein, RNA
What is a chromosome composed of?
DNA, histones, nucleosomes
How many chromosomes do humans normally have?
23 pairs
What does mitochondria do?
Supplies energy from respiration in form of ATP
Where are ribosomes located?
Endoplasmic reticulum
What do ribosomes do?
Make protein
If cell contains a lot of mitochondria, what does this tell you about the cell?
It’s active
What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic acid
Three types of RNA
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
What does a chloroplast do?
Photosynthesis
What part of the plant would you expect to find chloroplast?
Leaf, stem
What is the liquid in the plant vacuole?
Cell sap
Three functions of cell sap
Stores food, stores waste, turgor
What does turgid mean?
Firm
What causes a plant cell to be turgid?
When water moves into a plant cell the vacuole gets bigger pushing the cell membrane against the cell wall
What is the opposite of turgid?
Flaccid
What is turgor?
Pressure of cell contents against the cell wall
Plant cell is made of what?
Cellulose
What part of the cell controls what enters and leaves the cell?
Plasmalemma
What is cell membrane made of?
Phospholipid bi-layer
What substance sticks cell walls together?
Pectin
Where is pectin found?
Middle lamella
What are cells called without a nuclear membrane?
Prokaryotic
In what group are prokaryotic cells found?
Monera ( bacteria )
Name two types of cells with no nucleus
Red blood cells, phloem
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine triphosphate
What is ATP?
Energy currency of cell
What does ATP do?
Stores and transports energy
Write the balanced equation for photosynthesis
6 CO2+6 H2O=C6H12O6+6 O2