Ch. 5.6-7 - Disorders of Sleep & Hypnosis

What is hypnosis?

A procedure that induces a heightened state of suggestibility.

Is hypnosis a distinct state of consciousness?

No; it is not considered a separate state of consciousness.

What are ideomotor hypnotic suggestions?

Suggestions involving actions to be performed.

What are challenge hypnotic suggestions?

Suggestions for actions the person should try not to perform.

What are cognitive-perceptual hypnotic suggestions?

Suggestions that alter perceptions or prompt remembering/forgetting.

What is dissociation theory of hypnosis?

The view that hypnosis involves a division of consciousness (e.g., “autopilot” driving).

What is social-cognitive theory of hypnosis?

The view that hypnosis works because people conform to expectations and beliefs.

How is hypnosis used clinically?

As an effective addition to medical treatments, including acute pain relief.

Why is hypnosis no longer used to recover memories?

Because it often leads to the creation of false memories.

Can hypnosis-based recovered memories be used as legal evidence?

No; they cannot be used in court.

What is onset insomnia?

Difficulty falling asleep.

What is maintenance insomnia?

Difficulty returning to sleep after waking during the night.

What is terminal insomnia?

Waking up too early and being unable to fall back asleep.

What is primary insomnia?

Insomnia caused by internal sources (e.g., anxiety, worrying).

What is secondary insomnia?

Insomnia resulting from another disorder or external cause.

What are nightmares?

Vivid, disturbing dreams that occur during REM sleep.

When do night terrors occur?

During NREM sleep, involving intense panic and arousal.

What is restless legs syndrome?

Persistent leg discomfort and an urge to move them.

What is REM behaviour disorder?

A condition where individuals act out dreams because motor signals are not inhibited.

What is somnambulism?

Sleepwalking—performing activities while asleep.

What is sleep apnea?

Temporary inability to breathe during sleep due to airway obstruction.

What conditions increase risk of sleep apnea?

Obesity and damage to the medulla.

What is narcolepsy?

Extreme daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks.

How long do narcoleptic sleep attacks last?

From a few seconds to a few minutes.

What stage of sleep do narcoleptic attacks enter immediately?

REM sleep.