Separating a Mixture of Liquids

Flashcards covering key concepts about the separation of liquid mixtures and the processes involved.

How do we identify and separate a homogeneous mixture of liquids?

By using boiling point as a criterion for separation.

What tests can be used to identify liquid mixtures?

Density, odor, boiling point, and flammability tests.

What method can be used to separate mixtures of different liquids?

Fractional distillation.

What determines the boiling point of a liquid?

Intermolecular forces, molecular size, and atmospheric pressure.

What is the boiling point?

The temperature at which a liquid turns into a vapor.

Give an example of a boiling point.

Water boils at 100°C.

What are intermolecular forces?

The attractive forces that hold molecules together in a substance.

How do you determine the boiling point of a liquid?

By creating a Time vs. Temperature graph and recording changing temperatures.

What does it mean when a temperature graph plateaus?

The plateau indicates the boiling point of the liquid.

How can you determine the number of liquids present in a mixture?

By looking at the number of plateaus in the boiling point graph.

What might cause an imperfect plateau on the graph?

External factors that lead to slight increases or decreases in temperature.

What is crude oil?

A thick, black semi-liquid mixture made from dead plants and animals over millions of years.

What are some useful products derived from crude oil?

Gasoline, diesel, kerosene, asphalt, lubricating oil, and petrochemicals.

How does fractional distillation work?

By heating crude oil in a fractionating column, where different components evaporate and condense at different temperatures.

What happens to the vapor in fractional distillation?

It rises through the tower, cooling as it goes, allowing different hydrocarbons to condense at different levels.