Bn5.005 Worksheets

Cells

Tissues are made of:

Tight

An occluding intercellular junction is

gap juctions

intercellular junction speciallised for rapid communications is

epithelial tissue

tissue type that develops from all 3 germ layers

simple cuboidal epithelia

the type of epithelial tissue is found lining kidney tubules

psuedo-stratified columnar

epithelial tissue type that goblet cells are found in

osseous tissue

tissue type that contains calcium phosphate salts and lacunae

elastic cartilage

the shape of the external ear and nose is maintained by

forms the tendons of muscles and ligaments of joints

Dense regular connective tissue…

nervous tissue

tissue type that does NOT regenerate easily

strain

tearing or stretching of skeletal or cardiac muscle fibres is a

myofibrosis

replacement of muscle tissue by connective tissues (scar tissue)

fibrinolysis

process whereby a blood clot is broken down after tissue repair

gets larger

if a cell hypertrophies, it…

rule of nines

estimates the surface area of a human body affected by a burn

mesenchymal cells

stem cells found in the periosteum and bone marrow that can differentiate into many types of tissue cells needed for regeneration and repair is called

inflammation and haemostasis

first steps in wound healing

anchoring junction

what type of intercellular junction is a hemidesmosome

provide structural support and stability to tissues subjected to mechanical stress

function of a hemidesmosome

nervous tissue

tissue type that arise from Ectoderm

Muscular and Connective tissue

tissue type(s) that arise from Mesoderm

Bone

type of connective tissue in osteocytes

Cartilage

type of connective tissue in Chondroblasts

Blood

type of connective tissue in Erythrocytes

Fibroblasts

type of cell that makes collagen in connective tissue

Goblet cells

type of cell that Secretes mucus in simple columnar epithelia

Pericytes

type of cell that Regenerates smooth muscle

Bone Marrow

location for Haematopoietic stem cells

Surrounding organs such as skin

location for Areolar connective tissue

Intervertebral discs

location for Fibrocartilage

Upper Respiratory Tract

location for Pseudo-stratified epithelium

Spleen

location for Reticular connective tissue

Heart

location for Cardiac muscle

Alveoli in lungs

location for Simple squamous epithelium

squamous

thin, flat, tile-like cells

Pseudo-stratified

appears to have several layers but all cells are attached to the basement

Exocrine

glands whose secretions empty through ducts to the epithelial surface

Simple

composed of a single layer of cells

to form mesh frameworks

main function of Reticular fibres

for tensile strength

main function of Collagen

absorbing shock

main function for Fibrocartilage

storing fat and energy

main function for Adipose tissue

Blunt force trauma

physical trauma caused by an object or force striking the body

Haematoma and broken bones

types of blunt force trauma

Penetrating trauma

Refers to an injury where an object pierces the skin or body, resulting in an open wound

Puncture wounds, lacerations, deep tissue damage

types of penetrating trauma

regeneration

The process of replacing destroyed or damaged tissue with the same kind of cells involves dividing parenchymal cells. Resulting in the restoration of the original structure and function of the tissue without the formation of scar tissue (no scarring)

parenchymal cells

functional cells of an organ or tissue

fibrosis

type of tissue repair that occurs when there is damage to the tissue. Involves the replacement of destroyed tissue with dense connective tissue. Resulting in the formation of scar tissue (scarring present)

1. Vascular Spasm

2. Coagulation

3. Platelet Plug Formation

3 phases of Haemostasis in order

Open (compound) fracture

type of bone fracture where the broken bone penetrates through the skin

haematoma

collection of coagulated blood outside a blood vessel but within the body which can be seen under the skin or nails as bruises

Contusion

collection of coagulated blood specifically referring to bruises than can be seen under the skin or nails but is ALWAYS VISIBLE on the surface of the skin

Gliosis

formation of scar tissue composed of glial cells in the CNS as a response to damage or injury

returning interstitial fluid and leaked plasma proteins to the blood

one of the functions of the lymphatic system

spleen

lymphatic organ’s major job is to destroy work-out red blood cells and return some of the products to the liver

tonsils

lymphoid tissue found in the pharynx

Peyer’s patches

lymphoid tissue found in the distal part of the small intestines

Site where T lymphocytes mature

role of the thymus

mammary glands

where are Lacteals found in

lacrimate

term used for lymph present in the lacteals are

spleen

lymphoid organ that filter blood and not lymph

characteristics of Lymph nodes

Have more afferent vessels entering than efferent vessels leaving the node, contain lymphocytes and macrophages

tonsils, the appendix, and Peyer’s patches

Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) includes:

mechanical and chemical barriers

“first line of defense” in immunity is:

natural killer cells

Cancer cells and virus-infected body cells can be killed BEFORE activation of adaptive immunity by ___________

vasodilation

the redness and heat of an inflamed area are due to a local hyperaemia caused by

complement

the antimicrobial protein that forms holes in bacterial cells causing them to burst are

T cells

Cell-mediated adaptive immunity involves

Artificial active acquired immunity

Immunity that develops as a result of a vaccination is called

antibody production

Which one of the following are part of the “third line of body defenses”?

occurs more rapidly and is stronger than the primary response

The secondary immune response _______

IgA

the most abundant type of immunoglobin

neutralization

The process by which antibodies bind to specific sites on toxins to block their harmful effects

When interstitial fluid and plasma drain into the lymphatic system

How does lymph form?

Lymphatic ducts

What type of lymphatic vessel empties lymph into the venous system?

Bone marrow

Becomes major hematopoietic organ

Bone Marrow

Where B lymphocytes become immunocompetent

Thymus gland

Where T cells become immunocompetent

Bone marrow & Thymus gland

The two primary lymphoid organs

Mediastinum overlying the heart

Location of the thymus

Is the site where T cells become immunocompetent and of immunological self-tolerance

Function of the thymus

Upper left abdominal cavity, tucked up behind the stomach

Location of the spleen

Filters blood and acts as a blood reservoir, removes worn-out blood cells and platelets and other debris

Function of the spleen

Beneath mucous membranes in which lymphocytes are the predominant cell type; no distinct capsule unlike lymph nodes

Location of the Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)

Traps and removes bacteria and other foreign materials that have come in contact with the mucosa

Function of the Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)

Generate “memory” lymphocytes

Function of the Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)

Lymph nodes

The principle lymphatic organ

Clustered in the:

Neck (cervical), Armpits (axillary), Groin (inguinal), Popliteal regions

Locations of the Lymph Nodes

houses many specialised cells

Function of the lymph nodes

filters lymph before returning it to the blood

Function of the lymph nodes

Phagocytes

What can be found fixed in lymph nodes?

B & T lymphocytes

The 2 types of phagocytes that can be found in lymph nodes

responsible for antibody-mediated immunity

B lymphocytes’ function with regards to activating the third line of defense

responsible for cell-mediated immunity

T lymphocytes’ function with regards to activating the third line of defense

Innate

is Non-specific; innate or adaptive?

Innate

is Antimicrobial proteins; innate or adaptive?

Adaptive

is Antibodies; innate or adaptive?

Adaptive

is Specific; innate or adaptive?

Innate

is Fever; innate or adaptive?