Neuroscience: Brain Structures, Neurons, and Meninges Overview

Neuron

Identify axon, dendrite, soma, and nucleus.

Axon

Dendrite

cell body (soma)

Nucleus

glial cells

spinal cord

lateral ventricles

interventricular foramen

cerebral aqueduct

third ventricle

superior sagittal sinus

inferior sagittal sinus

confluence of sinuses

transverse sinus

sigmoid sinus

straight sinus

longitudinal fissure

choroid plexus

Frontal lobe

temporal lobe

parietal lobe

occipital lobe

precentral gyrus

postcentral gyrus

vermis

anterior lobe

posterior lobe

flocculonodular lobe

arbor vitae

Cortex

Gyri

Precentral (motor), postcentral (sensory).

central sulcus

lateral sulcus

parieto-occipital sulcus

Corpus callosum

Connects hemispheres.

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

pituitary gland

optic chiasm

pineal gland

Cerebellum

Vermis, anterior/posterior lobes, flocculonodular lobe, arbor vitae, cortex.

Brainstem

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata.

Midbrain

Pons

medulla oblongata

Cranial nerves I-XII

Know names, numbers, and functions.

Vertebra

Protects spinal cord.

Rootlets

Ventral (motor) vs. dorsal (sensory).

dura mater

arachnoid mater

pia mater

Gray matter

Dorsal, ventral, lateral horns; gray commissure; central canal.

White matter

Surrounds gray matter.

Dorsal root ganglion

Contains sensory neuron cell bodies.

dorsal horn

ventral horn

lateral horn

central canal

grey commissure

ventral rootlets

dorsal rootlets

Cervical nerves

C1-8

Thoracic nerves

T1-12

Lumbar nerves

L1-5

Sacral nerves

S1-5, Co1

Cervical plexus

C1-4

Brachial plexus

C5-T1 → radial & ulnar nerves.

radial nerve

ulnar nerve

Lumbar plexus

L1-4 → femoral nerve.

femoral nerve

sciatic nerve

common fibular nerve

tibial nerve

Cauda equina

Bundle of nerve roots at spinal cord's end.

I

II

III

IV

V

VI

VII

VIII

IX

X

XI

XII