409 exam 2: Abdomen

Ascites

fluid accumulation in abdomen, glistening, taut appearance suggests this

Protuberant abdomen

bulging; usually associated with Ascites

Blumberg sign

rebound tenderness

• Associated conditions: peritoneal irritation; appendicitis

Borborygmi

stomach growling, long prolonged gurgles

Bruit

harsh/musical intermittent auscultatory sound
May reflect blood flow turbulence →indicates vascular disease

Cirrhosis

late stage liver disease characterized by fibrosis(scarring), alteration of normal hepatic architecture and loss of function
Can develop with severe or progressive disease

Constipation

severe can be found w/ abdominal distention and stool palpated in left lower abdomen
Common in pregnancy and older adults( feel stool in sigmoid colon)

Colic

severe cramping cramping flank pain w/ nausea and vomiting
- Symptom of gallstone
- op0000000000000000000Abdominal pain characterized called “colicky” and is related to Appendicitis w/ impacted feces; renal stone

Costal margin

inferior border of ribcage

Diarrhea

3 or more watery/loose stools per day

Flatulence

gas

Hemorrhoid

swollen vein or group of veins
Often develop later in pregnancy

Hepatomegaly

enlarged liver, present when liver is more than 3cm below right costal margin
Suggests infection, cardiac failure, or liver disease

Herniated

protrusion of abdominal viscera through abnormal opening in muscle wall

Incontinence

lack of voluntary control over urination/defecation

Fecal incontinence

leading to leakage of stool, 3 major causes- fecal impaction, underlying disease, neurogenic disorder

Urinary incontinence

a risk factor of infection of kidney and renal pelvis

Jaundice

yellow skin
Associated with liver disease
Keloid

Linea albicantes (striae)

white stretch marks, often result from pregnancy/weightgain
Striae of recent origin are pink/blue but turn silvery white over time
Abdominal tumors/ascites can produce them
Striae of cushing disease remain purplish

Obstipation

severe form of constipation

Scaphoid

concave contour seen in thin adults
descriptor of expected contour of abdomen
Other contours