Philosophy Exam 2

What are the two great social virtues?

benevolence, justice

Why is sentiment more important than reason?

Reason can only discover matters of fact. For hume, no moral matters of fact exist.

What are some problems with using reason alone as the basis for morality?

it does not prompt us to act. We act because of emotion, sentiment, and care. Reason doesn’t provide motivation, sentiment does. 

What is the origin of justice?

Sense of benevolence, sees the world as inherently unfair.

What is Universal Sentiment?

 Every person given the same set of facts is going to feel the same way about those facts.

What is the good will?

The Good Will represents the attempt of a rational person to do what Reason has said should be done.

For Kant, what is the function of reason?

Option C

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To tell us what our duty is

Why is duty important? Why is it better to act from duty than natural inclinations? 

Duty is important because it separates us from animals. We are doing what it is we are supposed to do because reason says. more important because more consistent.

What is the categorical imperative?

This is a command from reason about how you should act in this situation.

What are the two requirements for the Categorical Imperative?

  It must be universalizable, has to be the case that everyone else could also act in this way without contradiction or self-defeat.

 It cannot treat another rational person solely as a means to an end.

What is the Principal of Forfeiture?

Whatever right of another you violate, you surrender that same right proportionally