Art History First Exam Chap 1-4

Hallmark of the Neolithic Revolution

Agriculture (Seasons, seed stock, Irrigation System) Domestication of animals, Cuneiform, Money, & Bureaucracy

Iconoclasm

the destruction of art for the sole purpose of destroying the culture

What was the purpose of Cave Art?

Communication, Documentation, and Experimentation

What type of media did they use in Cave Art?

Red Ochre, Yello Ochre, Charcoal and Vegetation

The four types of Relief

High Relief, Low Relief, Ensizing, Sunken relief

High Relief

"the forms project at least half or more of their natural circumference from the background and may in parts be completely disengaged from the ground, thus approximating sculpture in the round" ex:

Low Relief

The projection is slight compared to high relief | Bas relief

Ensizing

The lines that make the beard on the bison is ensizing

Sunken Relief

In this technique the sculptor chisels deep outlines below the stone's surface

Atlatl

A tool, end of the spear for weight, makes it go faster

Foreshortening

Perspective

Corbeled

A projecting wall member used as a support for some element in the super structure | Newgrange, Ireland

Post and Lintel system

a system of construction in which two posts support a lintel

Ground Line

Strict Compositional Format (what they stand on)

Frieze (Registers)

an architectural ornament consisting of a horizontal sculptured band between the architrave and the cornice

Votive

A gift of gratitude

Hands and feet

always look to see what they indicate about the subject matter

Feet on bare ground

On hollow land

Hierarchy of Scale

The taller the person the more important that they are, smaller = not as important

What does a headdress indicate?

A person wearing a headdress means that they're in a powerful position and if it has horns then they are much more powerful and threatening

The Epic of Gilgamesh

First ever written literature by the Sumerians in Cuneiform

Ziggurat

a rectangular tiered temple or terraced mound erected by the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians

Canon (Schematic)

Set of rules

Stele

historical marker

The two types of seals

Stamp and Cylinder

What is the importance of the Akkadian ruler?

First ruler, sovereign

How many legs does Lamassu have and what kind of relief is it?

5 legs and high relief

Narmer's Palette

one of the earliest labeled historical art

Imhotep

first recorded name of an artist anywhere in the world

Clear story

Window, let the light in

Hatshepsut

The first great female monarch whose name has been recorded as pharaoh for two decades

Akhenaton

Ruler in Egypt who had their statue resemble them accurately therefore showing the consequence of inbreeding within Egyptian society

Thutmose

in his workshop had an unfinished sculpture of Nefertiti which included her head and bust

Harriet Boyd Hawes (1871-1945)

An American archaeologist & one of the first women of any nationality to direct a major excavation explored between 1901-1904

Template

Cartoon

Spring Fresco

Most complete painting, largest prehistoric example of a pure landscape

Komare Wares

Fully polycromatic

What does the Snake Goddess represent and how was it made?

She represents being powerful over animals/nature, she is made with Faience, a low fire opaque glass like silicate

Harvesters Vase

The first instance in the history of art, of a sculptor showing keen interest in the underlying muscular & skeletal structure of the human body, it's made out of steatite

Repousse

hammered the shape of each mask from a single sheet of metal pushed the features out from behind

Funerary Mask

An example of repousse, first attempt at life-size sculpture in Greece

Two Goddesses & a Child

The only ivory piece that was found, the way they got ivory was it being traded. *port cities = wealthy^