Helminths Infection

Alternative name for helminth

Nematode

Drug of choice for nematodes

Albendazole

Angiostrongylus Cantonensis (name, disease, infection route)

Rat lungworm,; angiostrongyliasis; uncooked fresh water snails/snails

Angiostrongylus Cantonensis diag

Infective stage from CSF, eyes or brain; Ab detect by immunoblot

Ascardis Lumbricoides (name, disease, infection route)

Large roundworm; ascariasis; soil contact/eating embryonic eggs by contaminated food

Ascaris lumbricoides diag

Fecal exam for egg; adult from vomit; larvae from sputum

Anisakis spp (name, disease, infection route)

Anisakis simplex; anisakiasis; digest 3rd larval stage infected from uncooked sea fish and squid

Anisakis spp diag

Large stage from infected uncooked sea fish and squid; eggs CANNOT be found in stool

Capillaria philippinensis (name, disease, infection route)

Capillaria; capaillariasis; eating uncooked FRESH water fish with parasite in INTESTINE

Capillaria phillipinensis diag

Fecal exam for egg/larvae/adults; stomach rumbling/CHRONIC diarrhea; immunology for Ab detect

Trichuris Trichura (name, disease, infection route)

Whipworm; trichuriasis; soil contact/contaminated food with embryonic egg

Trichuris trichura diag

Fecal exam for eggs

Enterobius vermicularis (name, disease, infection route)

Pinworm; enterobiasis; contaminated food and hands/uncleaned bed sheets and dress; inhalation of eggs; retro infection

Enterobius vermicularis diag

Scotch tape technique

Macracanthorynchus hirudenaceus (name, disease, infection route)

giant thorny headed worm; acanthocephaliasis; eating uncooked bug

Macracanthorynchus hirudenaceus diag

Parasite diag from dissected tissue; endoscopy for people with previous history; fecal exam for eggs

Gnathostoma spinigerum (name, disease, infection route)

Gnathostoma; gnathostomiasis; eat uncooked meat, fresh water wish/amphibian/reptile/cyclops in infective stage, apply fresh meat to wound

Gnathostoma spinigerum diag

Physical exam with swelling (pain, itching, movement); infective stage in dissection of skin/eye; Ab capture

Necator americanus (name, disease, infection route)

Necator hookworm; nectoriasis; skin penetration of filariform larvae to hand/foot by soil contact

Necator armericanus diag

Fecal exam for eggs/ R form larvae

strongyloides stercoralis (name, disease, infection route)

Threadworm; strongyloidiasis; skin penetration by filariform larvae by soil contact

Strongyloides stercoralis diag

Smear for R stage larvae or egg from feces and sputum; Ab detection

Toxocara canis/cati geographic distribution

Cosmopolitan parasites, low socioeco area more likely to get infect

Toxocara canis/cati diag

Serology, histological section; stool exam has NO eggs

Alternative name for flukeworm

Trematode

Drug of choice for trematode

Praziquantel

Fasciolopsis buski (name, disease, infection route)

Large intestinal fluke; fasciolopsiasis; eat unclean water chestnut, water hyacinth,morning glory, water mimosa

Fasciolopsis buski diag

Fecal exam for eggs

Fasciola gigantica (name, disease, infection route)

Liver fluke; fascioliasis; eat unclean chinese water chestnut, morning glory, water mimosa, water chestnut

Fasciola gigantica diag

Fecal exam for eggs; adult by dissection; radiology; Ab capture

Haplorchis taichui (name, disease, infection route)

Small intestinal fluke; haplorchiasis; eat uncooked white scale fish

Haplorchis taichui diag

Fecal exam for eggs; diagnose gravid segment after eating medicine; PCR to confirm

Opisthorchis viverini (name, disease, infection route)

Liver fluke; opithorchiasis; eat uncooked fresh water fish contaminated with metacercaria

Opisthorchis viverini diagnosis

Fecal exam for eggs; Ab capture; confirm with PCR

Paragonimus heterotremus (name, disease, infection route)

Lung fluke; paragonimiasis; eat uncooked fresh water shrimp, WATER FALL CRAB, creek crab contaminated with metacercaria

Paragonimus heterotremus diag

Simple smear from sputum, feces, BA; Ab capture; PCR from BAL or sputum

Schistosoma mekongi (name, disease, infection route)

Blood fluke; schistosomiasis; cercariae infiltrate skin while in river

Schistosome mekongi diag

Fecal exam for eggs; rectal biopsy for eggs; immunological technique

Other name for ribbon worm

Cestode

Taenia saginata (name, disease, infection route)

Beef tapeworm; taeniasis saginata; digesting contaminated beef with infective cyst

Taenia saginata diag

Fecal exam for eggs or gravid segment

Taenia solium (name, disease, infection route)

Pork tapeworm; taeniasis solium; digest raw pork contaminated with cysticerus cellulose

Taenia solium diag

Fecal examination for egg or gravid segment

Taenia solium metacestode (name, disease, infection route)

Taenia solium metacestode; cysticercosis; digest raw vegetable and fresh water contaminated with eggs; contaminated hand to mouth

Taenia solium metacestode diag

Radiograph of organ; Ab detection

Dipylidium caninum (name, disease, infection route)

Dog tapeworm; dipylidiasis; digest food/water contaminated with dog flea, cat flea or human flea

Dipylidium caninum diag

Fecal examination for egg capsule or gravid segment fall out with feces

Diphyllobothrium latum (name, disease, infection route)

Fish tapeworm; diphyllobothriasis; eat uncooked fresh water fish contaminated with plerocercoid larvae or proceroid larva

Diphyllobothrium latum diag

Fecal examination for eggs/gravid segment

Echinococcus granulosus (name, disease, infection route)

Hydatid/echinococcus; hydatidosis; eat vegetable contaminated with eggs; contaminated hands after touching nose/anus area of dogs/sheep; flies

Echinococcus granulosus diag

Detect capsule from organs; radiology; Ab detection

Echinococcus malayanum (name, disease, infection route)

Echinostome; echinostomiasis; digest infective stage from tadpole/fresh water snails

Echinococcus malayanum diag

Fecal examination for eggs

Hymenolepis diminuta (name, disease, infection route)

Eat uncooked food contaminated with cysticerci with rat flea, bug

Hymenolepis diminuta diag

Fecal exam for eggs

Hyamenolepis nana (name, disease, infection route)

Dwarf tapeworm; hymenolepis nana; eat infected food with cysticerci with rat flea, cysterceroid infected bug

Hymenolepsis nana diag

Fecal examination for eggs