Introduction to Exercise Physiology

These flashcards cover key concepts and vocabulary from the Introduction to Exercise Physiology lecture, focusing on macronutrients, metabolic processes, and energy production.

Macronutrients

Nutrients required in large quantities, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Substrate

A fancy word for fuel; sources from which energy is made.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

The currency of energy in the body; a high-energy molecule that powers cellular functions.

Bioenergetics

The process of converting substrates into energy at the cellular level.

Metabolism

The sum total of all chemical reactions that occur in the body, including anabolic and catabolic processes.

Anabolic Process

A metabolic process that builds up molecules, associated with storage and energy use during rest.

Catabolic Process

A metabolic process that breaks down molecules to provide energy, associated with energy use during exercise.

Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)

The energy expenditure associated with the digestion and absorption of macronutrients.

Glycogen

The storage form of glucose in the body, primarily found in the liver and muscles.

Lipogenesis

The process of converting excess nutrients, such as proteins and carbohydrates, into fats.

Nitrogen in Proteins

Proteins contain nitrogen, which must be converted to urea when broken down to avoid toxicity.

Caloric Value of Fats

Each gram of fat provides approximately 9 kcals, more than double that of carbohydrates.

Caloric Value of Carbohydrates

Each gram of carbohydrate provides approximately 4 kcals.

Protein Storage

Excess protein consumed without exercise can lead to weight gain as it is converted into fats.

Sources of Carbohydrates

Examples include potatoes, rice, bread, and pasta.

Sources of Fats

Examples include nuts, dairy, and oils.