amines and neurotransmitter

Amines

-organic nitrogen compounds and classified by the number of the alkyl groups bonded to the N atom

PRIMARY AMINES GENERAL STRUCTURE

RNH2

SECONDARY AMINES GENERAL STRUCTURE

R2NH

TERTIARY AMINE GENERAL STRUCTURE

R3N

QUATERNARY AMINE

has no lone pair and bears a positive charge.

Heterocycle

• the amine N atom can also be part of a ring

PERIPIDINE

• A compound in black pepper

CONIINE

• the poisonous component of hemlock

AMINES

• very foul odors like rotting fish urine and bad breath

Caffeine and nicotine

• are widely uses stimulants of the central nervous system that contains amines heterocycles

Alkaloids

• naturally occurring plant

• physiological effects

Caffeine

• is a bitter tasting amine found in coffee, tea, soft drinks and chocolate

Nicotine

• is a highly toxic amine isolated from tobacco which acts as a stimulants in small doses

Morphine

• is obtained from the opium poppy

• used as a severe pain reliever for centuries

• very addictive given terminaly patients

codeine

• smaller amounts

• used for less severe pain but is still very addictive

heroin

• the very addictive illegal drug is made from morphine.

• more soluble

• non polar

QUININE

• is isolated from the bark of the cinchona tree native to the andes mountains

• gives tocis water

• chracteristics bitter flavor

Antipyretic ( fever reducer )

• used to treat malaria

Atropine

• isolated from the atropa belladonna or deadly nightshade plant.

• enlarge the pupils of their eyes

Sudafed ( ammonium salt or amine) GENERIC NAME is

• phenylephrine hydrochloride

Anti histimine benadryl

• is sold as the salt diphenhydramine hydrochloride ( allergic reaction )

Quaternary ammonium salts

• are also useful agents like the antiseptic benzalkonium chloride

Benzalkonium chloride uses

• mouthwashes

norepinephrine

• high energy and activity

• converted into andrenaline when a person experiences fear or stress

• manic behavior extreme mood swings

Dopamine

• affect the brain processes that control movement, emotions and pleasure

• important role in addiction

• low dopamine prone in addiction

tyrosine

• synthesized from the amino acid

parkinson’s disease

• have decreased levels of dopamine in the body

Seretonin

is in important in mood, sleep, perception, and temperature regulation, causes depression

Dopamine

• addiction

Acetycholine

-low concentrations

-resulting in feelings of well being and alertness

epinephrine ( andrenaline )

-is a hormone made from norepinephrine .

-causes emotional stress and danger

Bronchodilators

• used to treat asthma

Albuterol TRADE NAME IS

• Ventolin, proventil

Histamine

• symptoms of allergies

• secretion of stomach acid

Antihistamines some common

• chlorpheniramine

• diphenhydramine

bitrex

• foul tasting

• non toxic used on childrens fingers to keep them from biting their nails or sucking their thumbs

Quaternary

• is ammonium salt

Putrescine

-is partly responsible for the foul odor of decaying fish

TRIMETHYLAMINE

• odor of rotting fish

CADAVERINE

• Is a poisonous diamine with a putrid odor

• odor of semen, urine and bad breath

METHAMPHETAMINE

• is a widely abused illegal drug that has profound effect on the body and mind

• known as speed, meth or crystal meth

MDMA

• CALLED ECSTACY

• is the presumed main ingredient in an illicit drug