Chapter 9: Transformation of American Society 1815-1840

Westward Expansion

The movement of Americans westward beginning in 1790, leading to the admission of new states.

5 Civilized Tribes

The five Native American tribes (Cherokees, Choctaws, Creeks, Chickasaws, and Seminoles) that were intermingled with white settlers and embraced Christianity.

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Legislation authorized by President Andrew Jackson to exchange public lands in the west for Indian territories in the East.

Cherokee Nations v

A Supreme Court case where Chief Justice John Marshall denied the Cherokees' claim to status as a republic within Georgia.

Worcester v

A Supreme Court ruling that recognized the Cherokees as a distinct political community entitled to federal protection.

Trail of Tears

The forced removal of the Cherokees to the Indiana Territory (now Oklahoma) in 1838, resulting in significant suffering and death.

Market Economy

An economic system where farmers shifted from subsistence farming to growing cash crops for profit.

Panic of 1819

A financial crisis caused by the collapse of the land boom and the state bank's loose practices, leading to widespread panic among farmers.

Transportation Revolution

A period starting in 1820 focused on improving transportation, including the introduction of the steamboat.

Gibbons v

A Supreme Court case that established Congress's power to regulate interstate commerce, including navigation.

Industrial Beginnings

The start of industrialization in the U.S., driven by the Embargo Act of 1807, leading to the growth of New England's textile industry.

Waltham & Lowell Mills

Advanced textile mills that produced finished fabrics, significantly impacting New England society.

Inequality

The growing gap between the rich and poor in America, with most people falling into the "middling class."

Industrial Revolution

The shift from home-based production to large factories, marked by the replacement of hand tools with machines.

Eli Whitney

An inventor known for creating the Cotton Gin in 1793, which dramatically increased cotton production and slavery in the South.