Science Olympiad Biology Flashcards - Prahas make edits

What Characterstics do all living things have?

Living things comsume energy, made of cells, grow and change, respond to external stimuli, and reproduce.

List the classification heirarchy from general to most specific?

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Explain the defference between an autotroph and a heterotroph?

An autotroph is an organism that can feed itself, like plants through photosynthesis; a heterotroph eats other organisms for food.

Name the six kingdoms.

Plants, Animals, Protists, Fungi, Archaebacteria, Eubacteria

Explain the cell theory.

1. all organisms are made up of basic living units called cells.

2. all cells come from pre-existing cells

3. cell is the basic unit of life

What do mitochondira do?

They provide the cell with energy

Explain what a lysosome does.

Lysosomes are like the cell's garbage and recycling facility. They contain chemicals to break down and recycle other cell parts.

Why are nonvascular seedless plants only a few cells thick?

Because each cell must absorb nutrients and water directly from the enviornment

Vertebrates are chordates that have a ______

backbone

List three functions your skin serves.

serves as a physical barrier, regulates body temperature, produces vitamin D, removes body waste, or removes body waste.

What types of joints are in your arm, from shoulder to fingers?

ball socket joint, hinge and a pivot joint, pivot and a gliding joint, fingers are hinge joints.

What does the brain stem do?

It is the part of the brain that controls involuntary functions.

Acronym for classification thingy and The classifications

Dear King Philip Came Over For Great Spaghetti

Domain(Domains)

Kingdom(Kingdoms

Phylum(Phyla)

Class(Classes)

Order(Orders)

Family(Families)

Genus(Genera)

Species(Species)

Plants

Multicellular

Cells surrounded by cell walls

Autotrophs, meaning "self-feeder", because they can feed themselves

Make their food using photosynthesis

Reproduce by flowers, spores, etc. They reproduce Asexually by cloning themselves

from roots

Animals

Heterotrophs meaning "other-nutritive", because the eat other (living or dead) organisms to feed themselves.

Can be separated into vertebrates or invertebrates

Vertebrates: animals that have backbones and other bones that protect and give

mobility, such as mammals, fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles

Invertebrates: animals that have no backbones, such as arthropods, which include

lobsters, crabs, insects, and spiders (the largest group of invertebrates). They have

body sections and an outer skeleton in the form of a hard outer body covering. Other

invertebrates include mollusks, worms, and many other groups.

Fungi

Single or multicellular

Include mushrooms, yeast, and most

Are heterotrophs

Reproduces with spores

Have cell walls

Eat whatever they're growing on

Protists

Mostly single-celled

Some heterotrophs, some autotrophs

Include amoeba, algae, and paramecium

Archaebacteria

Single-celled

Live in extreme environments, like hot springs and very salty water

Eubacteria

Single celled organism

Include bacteria of all types, like the kind that are in soil, water and other living things

Some are heterotrophs and others are autotrophs

Cell Theory

○ Cells are too tiny to be seen with the eye so we use microscopes to see them

○ All Organisms are made of cells

○ Cells are the basic building block of life (in structure and function).

○ Every cell comes from another existing cell (cells divide to form new cells)

Organelles

- Organelles are the parts of a cell. They do a range of things including:

Process and release energy

Destroy and digest materials

Replicate genetic information

Nonvascular Plants

They don't have structures to help them carry and distribute water or nutrients, so

each cell absorbs water and nutrients on its own Mostly simple plants like mosses

Vascular Plants

They have tubelike structures that carry and distribute nutrients. Most vascular plants have seeds, but there are a few vascular plants, such as ferns, that don't.

Vascular tissue Parts

xylem, phloem, and cambium

xylem

Tubelike cells stacked together to form vessels that distribute water from roots to

different parts or the plant. They also provide structural support.

Produces tubes that transport water and phloem produces tubes that transport food.

phloem

Tubelike cells stacked to form tubes that distribute food for use and storage.

cambium

Cells that produce new xylem and phloem cells; between the xylem and phloem in

some plants; increases the thickness of stems and roots

Seedless Plants

○ Seedless plants reproduce using spores, which are small reproductive units. Seedless plants can be broken down into 2 categories: nonvascular and vascular.

non-vascular seedless plants

○ They are only a few cells thick because each cell absorbs water and nutrients through its cell

membrane

○ Usually live in damp environments

Animal Invertebrates

○ Animals that don't have backbones are called invertebrates

○ Insects are invertebrates

Animal Vertebrates

Chordates

○ Animals that have a skull and an endoskeleton, which is an internal skeleton that supports

the body, provides attachment points for muscles, and protects organs.

○ They can be either cold-blooded or warm-blooded.

○ Cold-blooded animals are called Ectotherms

Chordates

□ Notochord

□ Nerve cord

□ Pharyngeal Slit

The largest group of chordates are vertebrates

Notochord

A rod such as a backbone extending down the length of a body for support

Nerve cord

A nerve that runs along the length of the animal's body and becomes the

animal's nervous system

Pharyngeal Slit

An opening between the body cavity and outside of the body that is usually present only in the early stages of development

Skeletal and muscular systems

○ The body is sort of like a factory: It has an organizational hierarchy and different systems

that accomplish different tasks

The most basic unit of the body is a single cell

When groups of cells work together on a similar job they are called tissues. There are

all sorts of tissues in your body, such as skin, muscles, and nerves.

When tissues work together to accomplish a bigger job, they are called organs. Your

kidneys, heart, liver, and intestines are all organs.