Earth Science: Plate Tectonics and Disaster Preparedness

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A set of fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering core concepts from the lecture notes on Earth Science, plate tectonics, seismic waves, earthquakes, volcanoes, and disaster preparedness.

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25 Terms

1
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Earth Science is the branch of science dealing with the __ of the Earth and its atmosphere.

physical constitution

2
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The lithosphere is divided into continent-sized plates that are constantly __.

moving

3
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The heat transfer mechanism that drives plate movements is __ convection.

Mantle convection

4
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There are three types of plate boundaries: __, Convergent, and Transform.

Divergent

5
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Pangaea is the name of the supercontinent in Wegener's __ Drift Theory.

Continental

6
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Seismic waves are recorded by a __.

Seismograph

7
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The focus (hypocenter) is the point inside the Earth where an earthquake __.

started

8
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The epicenter is the point on the surface directly above the __.

focus

9
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S-waves do not travel through __.

liquids

10
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Gutenberg discontinuity marks the boundary between the __ and upper mantle.

crust

11
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The Richter Scale is a quantitative measure of an earthquake's __.

magnitude

12
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The Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale describes the level of __ and destruction.

destruction

13
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The shadow zone occurs at angular distances of to degrees from the epicenter.

104 to 140 degrees

14
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The seven major tectonic plates include Pacific, North American, Eurasian, African, Antarctic, Indo-Australian, and __.

South American

15
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Divergent boundaries are found at __ ridges, where new crust is created.

mid-ocean

16
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Transform boundary example is the __ Fault.

San Andreas

17
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Volcanoes and earthquakes are distributed around the __ Ring of Fire.

Ring of Fire

18
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At constructive margins, plates move apart and form a __ volcano.

shield

19
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Convergent boundary between an oceanic and a continental plate forms a __.

trench

20
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Continental-continental convergence forms __ ranges.

mountain ranges

21
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The process of sea-floor spreading was proposed by __ Hess.

Harry

22
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The theory that explains Earth's lithospheric plates as moving is Plate __.

Tectonics

23
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The 5 Hyogo Commitments pertain to disaster __.

preparedness

24
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A tsunami can be triggered by the sudden movement of the sea floor during an __.

earthquake

25
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The Himalayas are formed by a(n) __ collision.

continental-continental