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A set of fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering core concepts from the lecture notes on Earth Science, plate tectonics, seismic waves, earthquakes, volcanoes, and disaster preparedness.
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Earth Science is the branch of science dealing with the __ of the Earth and its atmosphere.
physical constitution
The lithosphere is divided into continent-sized plates that are constantly __.
moving
The heat transfer mechanism that drives plate movements is __ convection.
Mantle convection
There are three types of plate boundaries: __, Convergent, and Transform.
Divergent
Pangaea is the name of the supercontinent in Wegener's __ Drift Theory.
Continental
Seismic waves are recorded by a __.
Seismograph
The focus (hypocenter) is the point inside the Earth where an earthquake __.
started
The epicenter is the point on the surface directly above the __.
focus
S-waves do not travel through __.
liquids
Gutenberg discontinuity marks the boundary between the __ and upper mantle.
crust
The Richter Scale is a quantitative measure of an earthquake's __.
magnitude
The Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale describes the level of __ and destruction.
destruction
The shadow zone occurs at angular distances of to degrees from the epicenter.
104 to 140 degrees
The seven major tectonic plates include Pacific, North American, Eurasian, African, Antarctic, Indo-Australian, and __.
South American
Divergent boundaries are found at __ ridges, where new crust is created.
mid-ocean
Transform boundary example is the __ Fault.
San Andreas
Volcanoes and earthquakes are distributed around the __ Ring of Fire.
Ring of Fire
At constructive margins, plates move apart and form a __ volcano.
shield
Convergent boundary between an oceanic and a continental plate forms a __.
trench
Continental-continental convergence forms __ ranges.
mountain ranges
The process of sea-floor spreading was proposed by __ Hess.
Harry
The theory that explains Earth's lithospheric plates as moving is Plate __.
Tectonics
The 5 Hyogo Commitments pertain to disaster __.
preparedness
A tsunami can be triggered by the sudden movement of the sea floor during an __.
earthquake
The Himalayas are formed by a(n) __ collision.
continental-continental