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Skinner’s reinforcement theory elaborated on Edward Thorndike’s _____ ____ ______
Law of effect
Skinner’s operant conditioning is also referred to as ________ learning
Instrumental
_______ increases the likelihood that a behavior will occur
Reinforcers
True or false, punishment and negative reinforcement are the same thing.
False
Reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior, punishment decreases the likelihood of a behavior
Buckling your seatbelt so the dinging noise will go away is an example of _______ _______.
Negative reinforcement
(Removing an adverse stimulus increases the likelihood of doing something)
Taking away a child’s TV privileges after they mouth off is an example of _______ _______.
Negative punishment
(Taking something away to decrease a behavior)
Giving a child extra chores after they miss curfew is an example of _______ ________.
Positive punishment
(Adding an unpleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior)
Giving a dog a treat after they sit is an example of _______ ________.
Positive reinforcement
(Adding a stimulus to increase a behavior)
Behavior modification is classified as _____ and associated with the psychologist _______.
Instrumental, Skinner
Ex. Skiiiiiiinerrrrrrrr - Chalmers always wants skinner to modify his behavior
In behaviorism, how does establishing a baseline help?
It describes the behavior prior to treatment
Ex. examining how many times a cigarette smoker smokes per day before treating them
Mary Cover Jones found that phobias can be cured through ________.
Learning
What is intermittent reinforcement?
Irregular rewarding
Ex. gambling
What is continuous reinforcement?
Rewarding every time you do the correct behavior
Ex. getting a treat every time you sit
The 2 classes of intermittent reinforcement schedules are ______, based on the number of responses, and ______, based on the time passed.
Ratio, interval
______ ______ is the most addictive/hardest to quit kind of intermittent reinforcement
Variable ratio
I.e., the number of times you are rewarded is inconsistent
In behaviorism, what is Wolpe’s SUDs scale an acronym for?
Subjective Units of Disturbance
What is a back-up reinforcer?
Whatever is rewarded in token rewarding
Ex. earn so many Jaguar pride tickets, get a shitty bike
An alcoholic is given a drug that makes them nauseous when they drink. This is called ______ conditioning.
Aversive
(Sounds like adverse)
Role playing is also referred to as _____ _____.
Behavior rehearsal
What are the four steps in Systematic Desensitization?
Relaxation, hierarchy, imagination, exposure
(RHIE) - Rheeeeeee - desensitized to terrible political climate
How does implosive therapy differ from exposure therapy?
Implosive is done only in the imagination
(Both implosive and imagination begin with i)
What cab Wolpe’s technique of systemic desensitization be compared to?
Gradual exposure therapy
Ex. Eric afraid of the baseball - show him a picture of a baseball, then put him in the same room, then sits next to it, then touches it
Why don’t therapists use punishment?
Its effects are temporary and increase aggression
According to Skinner, humans are controlled by _______ and _______. Therefore, they are not good nor bad.
Stimuli, reinforcement
