Behaviorism (Skinner)

Skinner’s reinforcement theory elaborated on Edward Thorndike’s _____ ____ ______

Law of effect

Skinner’s operant conditioning is also referred to as ________ learning

Instrumental

_______ increases the likelihood that a behavior will occur

Reinforcers

True or false, punishment and negative reinforcement are the same thing.

False

Reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior, punishment decreases the likelihood of a behavior

Buckling your seatbelt so the dinging noise will go away is an example of _______ _______.

Negative reinforcement

(Removing an adverse stimulus increases the likelihood of doing something)

Taking away a child’s TV privileges after they mouth off is an example of _______ _______.

Negative punishment

(Taking something away to decrease a behavior)

Giving a child extra chores after they miss curfew is an example of _______ ________.

Positive punishment

(Adding an unpleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior)

Giving a dog a treat after they sit is an example of _______ ________.

Positive reinforcement

(Adding a stimulus to increase a behavior)

Behavior modification is classified as _____ and associated with the psychologist _______.

Instrumental, Skinner

Ex. Skiiiiiiinerrrrrrrr - Chalmers always wants skinner to modify his behavior

In behaviorism, how does establishing a baseline help?

It describes the behavior prior to treatment

Ex. examining how many times a cigarette smoker smokes per day before treating them

Mary Cover Jones found that phobias can be cured through ________.

Learning

What is intermittent reinforcement?

Irregular rewarding

Ex. gambling

What is continuous reinforcement?

Rewarding every time you do the correct behavior

Ex. getting a treat every time you sit

The 2 classes of intermittent reinforcement schedules are ______, based on the number of responses, and ______, based on the time passed.

Ratio, interval

______ ______ is the most addictive/hardest to quit kind of intermittent reinforcement

Variable ratio

I.e., the number of times you are rewarded is inconsistent

In behaviorism, what is Wolpe’s SUDs scale an acronym for?

Subjective Units of Disturbance

What is a back-up reinforcer?

Whatever is rewarded in token rewarding

Ex. earn so many Jaguar pride tickets, get a shitty bike

An alcoholic is given a drug that makes them nauseous when they drink. This is called ______ conditioning.

Aversive

(Sounds like adverse)

Role playing is also referred to as _____ _____.

Behavior rehearsal

What are the four steps in Systematic Desensitization?

Relaxation, hierarchy, imagination, exposure

(RHIE) - Rheeeeeee - desensitized to terrible political climate

How does implosive therapy differ from exposure therapy?

Implosive is done only in the imagination

(Both implosive and imagination begin with i)

What can Wolpe’s technique of systemic desensitization be compared to?

Gradual exposure therapy

Ex. Eric afraid of the baseball - show him a picture of a baseball, then put him in the same room, then sits next to it, then touches it

Why don’t therapists use punishment?

Its effects are temporary and increase aggression

According to Skinner, humans are controlled by _______ and _______. Therefore, they are not good nor bad.

Stimuli, reinforcement