BACE Practice Version A #2

1.0 Biochmestry/ Chemistry

For the sake of the quiz on here this is 1.0

Match the compound to its corresponding bond type - NaCl

Ionic

Match the compound to its corresponding bond type - H2O

Polar Covalent

Match the compound to its corresponding bond type - CH4

Non-polar Covalent

Which of the following should be used to calculate the amount of compound required to make a solution?

Molecular Weight

Match the macromolecule to its example and associated functions - Carbohydrates

Example: Cellulose
Functions: energy storage, receptors, structure of plant cell wall

Match the macromolecule to its example and associated functions - Lipids

Example: Cholesterol
Functions: membrane structure, energy storage

Match the macromolecule to its example and associated functions - Nucleic Acids

Example: RNA
Functions: information storage and transfer

Match the macromolecule to its example and associated functions - Proteins

Example: Enzymes
Functions: structure, receptors, transports

A solvent is the dissolved matter in a solution

False

Carbon dioxide as a by-product benefits the brewing and baking industry in a process called fermentation. When microorganisms (usually yeast) undergo fermentation, they obtain their energy by:

Anaerobic Respiration

The enzyme maltase catalyzes the break down of maltose into glucose. A technician added maltase to a solution of maltose to be incubated at 37°C for 20 minutes. Samples were taken from the reaction tube every five minutes, and the glucose and maltose concentrations were measured. No maltose was left in the reaction after 15 minutes.
Which of the following graphs represents the change in glucose and maltose concentrations over time?

It wont let me upload my own image unless I pay and I am not about to do that but its the one where the Maltose is 0 towards the end and Glucose curves up and keeps going

The enzyme maltase catalyzes the break down of maltose into glucose. A technician added maltase to a solution of maltose to be incubated at 37°C. Samples were taken from the reaction tube every five minutes over the course of one hour, to measure the glucose concentration. After an hour, the technician noticed the water bath failed to reach 37°C (it only warmed to 25°C).
Which of the following is the most likely outcome of the reaction?

The enzyme activity would decrease, yielding the same level of glucose over a longer time period

How does DNA differ from one species to another?

The number of genes and non-coding regions

Match the type of DNA to its correct description -
Circular, long DNA containing several thousand genes

Prokaryotic DNA

Match the type of DNA to its correct description -
Cytoplasmic, circular DNA containing only a few genes

Plasmid DNA

Match the type of DNA to its correct description -
Linear, long pieces of DNA with many thousands of genes, contained within a nucleus

Eukaryotic DNA

A structural gene's code is 5' TAC ATG CCC TTA ATC 3', what will the mRNA transcript be?

3' AUG UAC GGG AAU UAG 5'

The three-dimensional structure of a protein is largely determined by the amino acid sequence

True

A single base pair change in a gene's DNA sequence can affect the shape and function of the protein it encodes

True

Match the protein structure to its level of structure - Primary

Amino acid chain

Match the protein structure to its level of structure - Secondary

Alpha Helix / Pleated Sheet

Match the protein structure to its level of structure - Tertiary

Protein folds

Match the protein structure to its level of structure - Quaternary

Folded protein joins with other units

Select the option that represents the correct order of assembly in the cell:

Amino acid, polypeptide, protein

2.0 Biological Systems

For the sake of the quiz on here this is 2.0

What is a disadvantage to using prokaryotes in the production of biopharmaceuticals?

Prokaryotes are unable to properly fold and assemble more complicated eukaryotic proteins

Which structure regulates the flow of molecules into and out of the cell?

Plasma membrane

Why is E. coli usually incubated at 37°C?

The maximum growth rate for E. coli occurs at 37°C

Which of the following serves as the decolorizer in a Gram stain?

Alcohol

Which of the following is an accurate description of Gram positive bacteria after Gram staining?

Purple, because gram positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan in the cell membrane

When exposed to a foreign antigen, the normal human immune system response is to produce which of the following?

Antibodies

Why are biopharmaceuticals typically more difficult to manufacture than traditional chemically-synthesized pharmaceuticals?

- Biopharmaceuticals are more prone to contamination.
- Biopharmaceuticals cannot be heat sterilized like traditional pharmaceuticals.
- Biopharmaceuticals typically require special handling and storage.
(all of the above)

Which of the following features of bacterial plasmids can be used as a marker when growing bacterial cultures?

Antibiotic resistance gene

The observable traits of an organism are referred to as the:

Phenotype

According to the Central Dogma of molecular biology, DNA is __________ into RNA, which is ___________ into protein.

transcribed, translated

3.0 General Topics in Biotechnology

For the sake of the quiz on here this is 3.0

Which of the following is NOT considered a significant advance in PCR methodology?

The use of agarose gel electrophoresis to visualize amplified products

Match the enzyme to its potential use in the laboratory - DNA Ligase

Joining pieces of DNA together

Match the enzyme to its potential use in the laboratory - Heat-stable DNA Polymerase

Performing PCR reactions

Match the enzyme to its potential use in the laboratory - Protease

Degrading protein

Match the enzyme to its potential use in the laboratory - Restriction Enzymes

Digesting DNA

It is debated that genetically modified food crops have both beneficial and negative effects on humans and on the environment. Which of the following is a potential negative outcome of growing or consuming genetically modified food crops? Choose all that apply

- Genetically modified crops may cross-pollinate with non-genetically modified crops.
- Growing only genetically modified crops may decrease genetic diversity.

Which of the following is an advantage of treating diabetic patients with genetically engineered human insulin, rather than pig or cow insulin?

- There is less chance of an immune response to human insulin.
- Ethical issues concerning the use of animals are avoided.
- It is a more efficient process to purify insulin from yeast or bacterial cultures than it is from animal organs.
(all of the above)

"Bioethics" is best described as:

The study of decision making as it applies to moral decisions that must be made due to advances in biology and technology

Why might some people be ethically opposed to using CRISPR/Cas9 to create mutations in animal embryos?

Alterations in germline cells will be passed on to future generations

Match the person or group with the best example of their responsibility in a biotechnology company -
Ensure that all government regulations are followed, working closely with all departments

QA

Match the person or group with the best example of their responsibility in a biotechnology company -
Conducts testing on raw materials, in-process samples, and finished products.

QC

Match the person or group with the best example of their responsibility in a biotechnology company -
Participates in the production of commercial quantities of a product

Manufacturing

Match the person or group with the best example of their responsibility in a biotechnology company -
Works to identify new or improved products or processes

Research and Development

Which of the following is the study of the entire set of proteins of a cell or organism?

Proteomics

Which of the following is the study of the full complement of DNA in a cell?

Genomics

The major steps in the production of a product are listed below. Place the steps in the correct chronological order.
1

QC tests and approves or rejects raw materials, following test records

The major steps in the production of a product are listed below. Place the steps in the correct chronological order.
2

Manufacturing produces the product following a batch record

The major steps in the production of a product are listed below. Place the steps in the correct chronological order.
3

QC tests the final product following test records

The major steps in the production of a product are listed below. Place the steps in the correct chronological order.
4

QA approves or rejects the final product based on final product specififcations

Maintaining a safe work environment is critical for the well-being of all employees. Which of the following agencies is responsible for regulations pertaining to worker safety?

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

The U.S. agency responsible for regulating biopharmaceuticals for use in humans is:

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Patenting a new biopharmaceutical will give a company exclusive rights to manufacture the product for a term of twenty years in the U.S. One reason the U.S. government does this is to incentivize companies to invest in developing new drugs, with the security of knowing they might off-set development costs through revenue gained by selling the drug exclusively.

True

Which department within a biotechnology company is responsible for document control, and for the oversight of regulatory compliance?

Quality Assurance (QA)

Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) is a quality system intended to ensure regulatory compliance in pre-clinical laboratory studies.

True

Match the Clinical Trial Phase with its description - Phase I

Phase with healthy volunteers or people with the disease/ condition. The primary focus is on studying safety parameters of the drug.

Match the Clinical Trial Phase with its description - Phase II

Phase with volunteers who have the disease or condition. The primary focus is efficacy and determining side effects.

Match the Clinical Trial Phase with its description - Phase III

Phase with volunteers who have disease or condition. The primary focus is a bread scale study of the drug's efficacy, and monitoring side effects.

The enzyme maltase catalyzes the break down of maltose into glucose. A technician added maltase to a solution of maltose to be incubated at 37°C. Samples were taken from the reaction tube every five minutes over the course of one hour, to measure the glucose concentration. After an hour, the technician noticed the water bath failed to reach 37°C (it only warmed to 25°C).
What is the most appropriate course of action for the technician regarding the out of conformance water bath?

Report the problem to Quality Assurance (QA) or the individual in charge of repair, and place an "Out of Service" label on the water bath.

Which of the following is a controlled document that contains step-by-step instructions on how to perform a routine activity within a company?

Standard Operating Procedure

Which of the following is a controlled document that contains step-by-step instructions on how to manufacture a product, including spaces for capturing information specific to the task?

Batch Record

Why must a company manufacturing a controlled product maintain documentation on all processes and checks?

- Documentation provides objective evidence that the product was made and tested correctly.
- Documentation ensures that all personnel followed the proper procedures.
- Documentation ensures that all equipment is operating correctly.
- Documentation provides a traceable record for the FDA during inspections.
(all of the above)

4.0 Laboratory Skills/Applications

For the sake of the quiz on here this is 4.0

Why must technicians practice aseptic technique when culturing cells?

To ensure they are growing pure cultures of their desired cells

Which of the following techniques destroys all microorganisms?

Sterilization

When using a microscope on the highest power objective, which focus knob should you use?

Fine

A solution with a pH of 3.0 is how many times more acidic than a solution with a pH of 6.0?

1,000

Salt (such as sodium chloride or sodium acetate) is commonly used in procedures to extract plasmid DNA. Which of the following best describes the role of the salt?

The positively charged sodium ions neutralize the negative charge on the DNA

Why is plasmid DNA is purified using anion exchange column chromatography?

DNA is negatively charged, binds to the positively charged resin, and is eluted with increasing salt

A technician is testing the purity of a DNA sample using a spectrophotometer. He gets a 260 nm reading of 0.51 au, and a 280 nm reading of 0.65 au. Recalling that the preferred range for the value is 1.8-2.0, is the purity of the sample acceptable?

No

Referring to the gel below, what is the approximate size of band B?
................... Band B
1.5 Kbp-> _________
1.0 Kbp->
0.5Kbp->

Approximately 1,400 base pairs

When using an acrylamide gel for protein electrophoresis, it is best to use a higher percentage of acrylamide to resolve smaller proteins, while large proteins are best resolved on low-percent gels.

True

Match the following steps in PAGE with the correct purpose of that step:
- Staining with Coomassie Blue

To visialize proteins after PAGE

Match the following steps in PAGE with the correct purpose of that step:
- Adding loading dye to protein samples

To facilitate loading samples into wells, and to monitoring sample migration during PAGE

Match the following steps in PAGE with the correct purpose of that step:
- Adding a molecular weight standard to an empty well

To determine the relative sizes of the samples run on the gel

Match the following steps in PAGE with the correct purpose of that step:
- Adding SDS to the sample buffer and the PAGE running buffer

To coat the sample proteins with a negative charge, and denature them

Your supervisor asks you to run a PCR reaction with products ranging in size from 200-400 base pairs. To confirm the reaction outcome on an agarose gel, which of the following strategies will give you the best resolution of the PCR products?

Use a higher percentage of agarose and a lower running voltage

In agarose gel electrophoresis, the negative electrode terminal is located:

At the top of the gel (closest to wells)

Assume the DNA in lane 3 in the image below was loaded on the gel after it was digested with the restriction enzyme EcoRI. If the DNA was originally a plasmid, and the restriction enzyme digest was complete, how many EcoRI sites are in the plasmid?

Lane 3
-------

-------

2

A technician is given a sample of DNA from a PCR reaction, and a sample of uncut plasmid. The PCR product contains a gene of interest that the technician's supervisor wants cloned into the plasmid. The technician uses software to determine which enzymes she can use for each sample. Below is a list of restriction enzymes that cut once in the plasmid's multiple cloning site, and a list of restriction enzymes that cut on both sides of the gene of interest, but not in the gene of interest.
Restriction enzymes that cut on BOTH sides of the gene of interest in the PCR product:* BamHI* EcoRI* HindIII* PstI* SacI
Restriction enzymes that cut once in the plasmid's multiple cloning site:* AluI* BglI* DraI* EcoRV* HindIII
Assuming all of the restriction enzyme cut sites are unique, which restriction enzyme should the technician use to digest the DNA?

HindIII

In recombinant DNA technology, DNA ligase is used to rejoin which of the following bonds in DNA?

Phosphodiester

A restriction enzyme digestion reaction contains which of the following reagents?

DNA, Water, Buffer, Restriction Enzyme

Place the following steps of a general protocol for genetic engineering in the correct chronological order. 1

Isolate gene of interest

Place the following steps of a general protocol for genetic engineering in the correct chronological order. 2

Paste/clone gene of interest into a vector

Place the following steps of a general protocol for genetic engineering in the correct chronological order. 3

Transform host cells with vector

Place the following steps of a general protocol for genetic engineering in the correct chronological order. 4

Grow recombinant cells

Place the following steps of a general protocol for genetic engineering in the correct chronological order. 5

Purify gene product

When performing a transformation, the cold calcium chloride solution makes the cells "chemically competent". Which of following is the primary feature of chemically competent cells?

They are more permeable to DNA

Which of the following techniques should be used to amplify specific DNA sequences?

PCR

Place the following steps in order to best describe the sequence of a PCR cycle. 1

The mixture is heated to denature the double stranded DNA

Place the following steps in order to best describe the sequence of a PCR cycle. 2

The primers hybridize to the target DNA

Place the following steps in order to best describe the sequence of a PCR cycle. 3

DNA polymerase extends the primers to make a copy of the target DNA

Gel-Filtration/Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC)

Separates proteins based in size

Ion Exchange Chromatography (IEC)

Separates proteins based on charge