GIT DRUGS : ANTI-DIARRHEALS

PHARMA LEC 4

anti-cholinergics

• Atropine

• Aminopentamide

• Propantheline

• Hyoscine butylbromide

opiates

• Loperamide

• Diphenoxylate

• Paregoric

probiotics

anti-diarrheals

Propantheline

• A quaternary ammonium anti-muscarinic agent.

Propantheline

• Used for GI spasms and hypersecretion in dogs and

cats.

Propantheline

• Reduce rectal contractions in horses for physical

examination or surgery.

Propantheline

• Does not cross the BBB, therefore less CNS side

effects compared to atropine.

Hyoscine butylbromide

• Otherwise known as scopolamine butylbromide.

Hyoscine butylbromide

• Mainly used for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in

dogs and cats.

Hyoscine butylbromide

• Approved for the treatment of uncomplicated,

spasmodic colic in horses.

Hyoscine butylbromide

• Can be used in cases of choke and relieves

bronchoconstriction in horses with asthma.

Loperamide

• A synthetic narcotic that is available in a

nonprescription preparation.

Loperamide

• — poorly penetrates the CNS in cats and

is acceptable in this species.

Loperamide

• DO NOT USE in dogs that are sensitive to

ivermectin.

Loperamide

• IV lipid emulsion is an antidote for loperamide

toxicosis.

Diphenoxylate

• A synthetic congener of meperidine

Diphenoxylate

• A controlled substance in a formulation that

contains atropine to discourage abuse.

Diphenoxylate

• Primarily used in dogs for the symptomatic

management of acute or chronic diarrhea and

colitis.

Diphenoxylate

• It has also been used off-label as an antitussive.

Paregoric

• A camphorated tincture-of-opium product and a

controlled substance (contains ~2mg of

morphine/5mL).

Paregoric

• Used primarily in dogs for the symptomatic

treatment of nonspecific diarrhea or colitis.

✓ Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. rhamnosus, L. casei, L. plantarum

✓ Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. longum, B. animalis

✓ Enterococcus faecium

✓ Bacillus subtilis, B. coagulans

✓ Saccharomyces boulardii

Probiotics common species