Q4 | PEH

It includes the physical, chemical and microbiological hazards and their associated effects.

AQUATIC HAZARD AND DROWNING

Environmental hazards are defined as extreme events or substances in the Earth and its ecological system that may cause adverse consequences for humans and things they value.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD

A practice of protecting the natural environment on individual, organizational etc.

CONSERVATION OF ENVIRONMENT

Scientific and technological development, Uncontrolled economic and socio-cultural activities.

ENVIRONMENT DEGRADATION

Give the 5 types of environmental hazards.

• Pollution

• Deforestation

• Soil Erosion

• Water scarcity

• Climate change

Continuous and integrated process of planning, organizing, coordinating and implementing the measures which are necessary.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

What are the goals of disaster management?

• Safety and sustainability of human lives.

• Avoid death and injuries.

• Sustainability to livelihood

(5 MAIN AIMS OF FIRST AID)

What is the primary goal of first aid when encountering an injured individual?

Preserve Life

(5 MAIN AIMS OF FIRST AID)

Why is it important to administer first aid promptly in case of an illness or injury?

Prevent the escalation of the illness or injury.

(5 MAIN AIMS OF FIRST AID)

This reefers to one of the aims of first aid which is stabilizing the condition of the injured or ill person, minimizing further damage, and facilitating the body's natural healing processes, thus expediting the overall recovery time.

PROMOTE RECOVERY

(5 MAIN AIMS OF FIRST AID)

Besides addressing the injury, what aspect of first aid also plays a crucial role in providing comfort to the injured person?

PAIN RELIEF

(5 MAIN AIMS OF FIRST AID)

What action should be taken to ensure the safety of an individual who is unconscious during a first aid situation?

PROTECT THE UNCONSCIOUS

What are the 6 steps in First Aid? (Clue: DRSABC)

• DANGER

• RESPONSE/RESPONSIVENESS

• SEND

• AIRWAYS

• BREATHING

• CPR

(FIRST AID FOR BLEEDING)

What is the recommended initial step in providing first aid for bleeding?

COVER THE WOUND WITH GAUZE OR CLOTH

(FIRST AID FOR BLEEDING)

Applying direct pressure helps to stop the blood flow and promote clotting, thereby aiding in the control of bleeding.

APPLY DIRECT PRESSURE TO STOP THE BLOOD FLOW

(FIRST AID FOR BLEEDING)

It's advised not to remove the cloth to avoid disrupting any formed clots. Instead, more layers should be added if needed to maintain pressure and control bleeding effectively.

DONT REMOVE THE CLOTH. ADD MORE LAYERS IF NEEDED.

(FIRST AID FOR BURNS)
The recommended immediate action is to flush the burned area with ____________.

FLUSH THE BURNED AREA WITH COOL RUNNING WATER FOR SEVERAL MINUTES.

(FIRST AID FOR BURNS)

Ice can further damage the burnt tissue and potentially exacerbate the injury by causing frostbite.

DO NOT USE ICE

(FIRST AID FOR BURNS)

After flushing, a light gauze bandage should be applied to the burn.

APPLY A LIGHT GAUZE BANDAGE

(FIRST AID FOR BURNS)

These substances can trap heat and worsen the burn, delay healing, and increase the risk of infection.

DO NOT APPLY OINTMENTS, BUTTER OR OILY REMEDY TO BURN.

(FIRST AID FOR BURNS)

This can be taken for pain relief if necessary.

TAKE IBUPROFEN FOR PAIN RELIEF IF NECESSARY.

(FIRST AID FOR BURNS)

It is advised not to break any blisters that may be formed, as they act as a natural barrier against infection and aid in the healing process.

DO NOT BREAK ANY BLISTER THAT MAY BE FORMED.

(FIRST AID FOR FRACTURES)
Attempting to straighten a fracture can worsen the injury and cause further damage to surrounding tissues.

DO NOT TRY TO STRAIGHTEN IT

(FIRST AID FOR FRACTURES)
The recommended method is to stabilize the limb using a splint and padding to keep it immobile.

STABILIZE THE LIMB USING A SPLINT AND PADDING TO KEEP IT IMMOBILE.

(FIRST AID FOR FRACTURES)
A cold pack should be applied to the injury, but it should be wrapped in a cloth or towel to avoid placing ice directly on the skin

PUT A COLD PACK ON THE INJURY, AVOID PLACING ICE DIRECTLY ON THE SKIN

(FIRST AID FOR FRACTURES)
Elevating the extremity above the level of the heart can help reduce swelling and alleviate pain.

ELEVATE THE EXTREMITY

(FIRST AID FOR FRACTURES)
Anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen or naproxen, can be given to alleviate pain and reduce inflammation associated with the fracture.

GIVE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS.

It is a combination of two things – the chance that the hazard will cause harm and how serious that harm could be.

RISK

Is anything that could cause harm

HAZARD

This is a plan of a journey, including the route and the places that you will visit

• Enumerating the activities and identifying the estimated date or time when the activities will be taking place.

ITINERARY

Expenditure required for the activity should be listed and the budget should be set. The spending must include:

1. Transportation,

2. Food, fees and etc.

3. Recommendation