Asexual Propagation

Asexual propagation allows you to obtain plants that are genetically…

identical

The population of identical plants obtained through asexual propgatation are all…

clones

Asexual propagation maintains _______ that may be lost through seed propagation

characteristics

Asexual propagation is often ______ + _______ than seed propagation

easier + faster

Plants often ______ + ______ sooner than if propagated by seeds

flower + fruit

Asexual propagation is used because some plants do not produce viable….

seeds

3 methods of asexual propagation

1. Grafting

2. Cuttings

3. Tissue culture

Which method of asexual proagation is used for most fruit + shade trees?

Grafting

Which asexual propagation method allows you to control size (dwarfing) to increase yield?

Grafting

Which method of asexual propagation is used to improve disease resistance like with oranges?

Grafting

Which method of asexual propagation reduces the time to flowering + fruiting, propagate elite cultivars + varieties, + creates new plants?

Grafting

4 types of cuttings

1. Stem

2. Leaf

3. Leaf-bud (node)

4. Root

2 types of stem cuttings

1. Herbaceous

2. Woody plants

3 types of woody plant stem cuttings

1. Softwood

2. Semi-hardwood

3. Hardwood

Which type of stem cutting is for plants that have soft stems?

Herbaceous

In herbaceous (stem) cuttings, you must include the stem tip plus several nodes, but shoudl remove what 2 things?

1. Remove the bottom ½ to 2/3 of foliage to expose nodes

2. Remove all flowers

Which type of stem cuttings are taken from woody plants when the new growth is softn?

Softwood cuttings

For softwood, semi-hardwood, & hardwood (stem) cuttings, you must include the stem plus several nodes and remove what?

Remove the bottom ½ to 2/3 of foliage to expose the nodes

Which type of stem cuttings are taken from woody plants when the new growth has just begun to harden (July - August)?

Semi-hardwood

Which type of stem cuttings are taken from woody plants when the new growth has fully hardened (December - February)?

Hardwood

Which type of cutting consists of leaf blade + petiole?

Leaf blade / petiole cuttings

What type of cutting consists of leaf blade without a petiole?

Leaf blade cuttings

For which type of cutting are the veins sliced or leaf blade cut into sections?

Leaf blade

Hardwood cuttings must regenerate what (1 thing)?

New roots

Leaft blade/petiole cuttings must regenerate what 4 things?

1. Roots

2. Buds

3. Stems

4. Leaves

Leaf blade cuttings must regenerate what 4 things?

1. Roots

2. Buds

3. Stems

4. Leaves

What type of cutting consists of pieces of roots that are removed from a plant + sliced into pieces?

Root

Root cuttings must regenerate what 2 things?

1. Buds

2. Stems

Cuttings shoudl not be taken if a plant has _______

fruit

Softwood cutting should be taken when stems are ______

succulent

Hardwood cuttings should be taken when plants are _______

dormant

Semi-hardwood cuttings shoudl be taken when spring flush of growth has _____

ceased

Application of _____ ______ can improve rooting of species that are moderately to extremely difficult to root

rooting powders

What plant hormone is the main rooting stimulator?

Auxin

What 2 auxins are the main rooting stimulators?

1. Naphaleneacetic acid

2. Indolebutyric acid

Too little or too much rooting powder can ______ rooting

inhibit

What is the best temp for rooting medium?

75 to 85^oF

_________ around cuttings must remain high to reduce water loss

Humidity

2 methods to raise humidity

1. Apply mist or fog

2. Cover with plastic

Why should we reduce leaf surface area by removing, cutting, or rolling leaves?

To reduce total transpiration from the plant

Which method of asexual propagation refers to when small plant tissues or organs are cleaned and cultured in lab vessels containing a nutrient-rich media fortified with plant growth regulators to rapidly produce clones of elite cultivars or generate new plants through mutations or genetic engineering

Tissue culture

Rootstock

Stem base + roots

Scion

stems and/or buds