Russian Revolution Unit - CP History

Romanov Dynasty

Romanov Dynasty

royal family who ruled Russia before revolution

Three Pillars of Absolutism

orthodoxy:

• religion persecuted and forbidden

autocracy:

• totalitarian government

nationalism:

• persecution of non-russians (pogroms)

Pogroms

violent attacks against jews and non-russians

Crimean War

1853-56 russia, ottoman empire, britain, france fight over black sea for trade opportunities

Tsar Nicholas II

useless russian tsar that believed in absolutism

1905 Revolution

caused by famine, economic struggle, failed reforms, and radicals

Bloody Sunday

troops fire on peaceful protest

October Manifesto

tsar promises reforms and duma

Duma

new legislature led by moderates

Grigori Rasputin

self proclaimed holy man “mad monk“ who tried to take control of the russian government but was assassinated

February Revolution

cause by strikes, tsar’s poor leadership and attempt to resolve duma, army joining protests, and abdication of tsar

Alexander Kerensky

leader of provisional government

Soviets

groups of elected people to represent the rest of the population

Bolsheviks

most radical faction of russian communists

Vladimir Lenin

bolshevik leader

October Revolution

army rebelled and bolsheviks seized power

Russian Civil War

reds vs. whites about 20 mil. died

Red Army

bolsheviks fought white army (everyone else other than the radicals)

Leon Trotsky

leader of red army

New Economic Policy (NEP)

new economic policy (1921) let peasants sell the surplus crops for profit

Joseph Stalin

leader of ussr, tyrant and pragmatist

Totalitarianism

government in control of private and public lives

Cult of Personality

leader presented as heroic, almost superhuman savior to be worshipped

Five Year Plans

set high quotas for industrial goals, 1st in 1928

Collectivization

created large government farms to increase agricultural products

Kulaks

land-owning peasants resisting collectivization, especially in ukraine

Gulag

brutal labor camps

Great Purge

many killed or arrested, sham trials

Indoctrination

training people to believe something or other from a young age

Propaganda

false, biased, or incomplete information distributed to the people to persuade them to believe something or other

What were the causes of the 1917 Russian Revolution?

• tsar’s failure to reform and poor leadership

• poverty

• russo-japanese war/shame

• bloody sunday

• wwi

  • death toll

  • food shortage

  • inflation

What were the major events of the Russian Revolution and Civil War?

• 1905 revolution

  • bloody sunday

  • october manifesto

  • duma

  • rasputin

• february revolution (1917)

  • tsar gone

  • provisional government led by kerensky

  • soviets

• october revolution

  • army rebelled

• civil war

  • red army vs. white army

  • new economic policy

  • ussr

  • five year plans

  • gulags

  • great purge

  • propaganda

What factors led to the Bolshevik’s victory in the Russian Civil War?

support of other countries of the whites led to people disliking them and the bolsheviks control of economy and industrialization

What were Lenin’s major policies as leader of the Soviet Union?

• nep (new economic plan)

  • peasants could sell surplus crops (communism and capitalism)

• ussr

  • soviets

What are the major characteristics of totalitarianism?

• control of society

• control of individuals

• ideology

• dictatorship

• leader with cult of personality

• terror

• modern tech

How was the Soviet Union under Stalin an example of totalitarianism?

• arresting and killing people

• propaganda

• stalin’s idealization

• communism

• secret police

  • fast industrialization

What were the consequences of Stalin’s policies of collectivization and industrialization?

• massive death toll

• famine

• increased industrialization