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Bourgeoisie
The owners of capital, the boss class, who exploited the workers but who would be overthrown by them in the revolution to come.
Proletariat
The exploited industrial workers who would triumph in the last great class struggle
Okhrana
The Tsarist secret police
Soviet
Originally the Russian word for a representative council. It was appropriated by the Bolsheviks to describe themselves and the cause they espoused.
Cheka
The All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Fighting Counter-Revolution. Sabotage and Speculation: the secret police.
Gosplan
The government body responsible for national economic planning.
Sovnarkom
Russian for government or cabinet.
Cossacks
The remnants of elite cavalry regiment of the Tsars.
Bolsheviks
A majority group faction of the Russian Social Democratic Party, which seized power in the October Revolution of 1917.
Mensheviks
A group of socialist democrats (SDP) - minorities, they formed in August 1917 and did not take part in the October Revolution, they were suppressed in 1922.
Politburo
The political bureau, responsible for major policy decisions.
Orgburo
The organisation bureau, which turned policies into practice.
Secretariat
The civil service that carried out the administration of policies.
Comintern
Communist International, a body set up in Moscow in March 1919 to organise worldwide revolution
Kulaks
Bolshevik term for rich, exploiting peasants.
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