maslow, berne, bertalanffy

week 1

Abraham Maslow

Humanistic-Existential Paradigm Self-actualization Theory

physiological or survival needs

Bottom Level of the pyramid, _____, consist of: the need to breathe, the need to drink water, the need to interact, the need to eat, the need to dispose bodily waste.

safety needs

Second Level of the pyramid, ____, consist of: Physical safety (safety from aggression, violence), Security of employment, Security of resources, Mind & Moral security, Family security, Health security, Security of personal property against social indifferences such as crime.

love, affection, and belongingness needs

Third Level of the pyramid: Friendship, Sexual intimacy, Support and Communication with family

esteem needs

Fourth Level of the pyramid: Self-esteem Confidence Personal Achievement Respect of others Attaining respect by others

need for self actualization

maslow emphasizes ___ is a healthy individual’s prime motivation

self-actualization

means actualizing one’s potential becoming all one is capable of becoming

biological and physiological needs

- air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep, etc

safety needs

protection from elements, security, order, law, stability, etc.

love and belongingness needs

- friendship, intimacy, trust, and acceptance, receiving and giving affection and love. Affiliating, being part of a group (family, friends, work).

esteem needs

- which Maslow classified into two categories: (i) esteem for oneself (dignity, achievement, mastery, independence) and (ii) the desire for reputation or respect from others (e.g., status, prestige).

cognitive needs

knowledge and understanding, curiosity, exploration, need for meaning and predictability

aesthetic needs

appreciation and search for beauty, balance, form, etc.

self actualization needs

realizing personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences.

transcendence needs

A person is motivated by values which transcend beyond the personal self (e.g., mystical experiences and certain experiences with nature, aesthetic experiences, sexual experiences, service to others, the pursuit of science, religious faith, etc.).

Eric Berne

Transactional Analysis

self

is the core of personality pattern which provides integration.

self awareness

is having a clear perception of your personality, including strengths, weaknesses, thoughts, beliefs, motivation, and emotions.

ego states

are person’s way of thinking, feeling and behaving at any time.

parent

lecturing
gives advice
takes care of someone

adult

objective and rational
asks for information
treats people as equals

child

submissive
playful
throws tantrums

Transactional Analysis

can help us to determine which ego state is most heavily influencing our behaviour and the behaviour of the other people with whom we interact.

script

is an ongoing programme, developed in early childhood under parental influence which directs the individual behaviour in the most important aspects of his life.

life position

The combination of assumptions about self and the other person called as

i am ok, you are ok

It appears to be an ideal life position. People with this type of life position have confidence in themselves as well as trust and confidence in others.

i am ok, you are not ok

This is a distrustful psychological positions. This is the attitude of those people, who think that whatever they do is correct

i am not ok, you are ok

This is a common position for those people who feel powerless when they compare themselves to others.

i am not ok, you are not ok

people in this position tend to feel bad about themselves and see the whole world as miserable.

stroking

is an important aspects of the transactional analysis.

stroke

The term ___ refers to “giving some kind of recognition to others.”

positive stroke

the stroke one feel good, is a ____. Recognition, approval are some of the examples.

negative stroke

a stroke one feel bad or not good is a ____. It hurt physically or psychologically.

mixed stroke

a stroke may be of a ___ also. Example :the boss comment to a worker “you did an excellent job in spite your limited experience.

games analysis

When people fail to get enough strokes at work they try a variety of things.
One of the most important thing is that they play psychological games.

Ludwig Von Bertalanffy

Systems Theory

Ludwig Von Bertalanffy

was an Austrian born biologist considered as the father of General Systems Theory and almost every field of sciences.

Systems Theory

It describes how to break whole things into parts & then to learn how the parts work together in “systems”.

components

A system is made up of separate ____. The parts rely on one another, are interrelated, share a common purpose & together form a whole.

input

is the information that enters the system.

output

is the end product of a system.

feedback

is the process through which the output is returned to the system.

open systems

Systems can be closed or open, but only ____ can really be studied.

“The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.”

Systems theory is easily summed up with a simple definition: