Global Systems

Name the parts of the Water Cycle

Precipitation, condensation, evaporation, transpiration, transportation.

Describe each Water Cycle term

Precipitation - Any form of liquid or frozen water that forms in the atmosphere and falls onto Earth.

Condensation - The process where water vapour turns into a liquid. Opposite of evaporation

Evaporation - The process where liquid turns into vapour/gas.

Transpiration - The process where water evaporates into the atmosphere through plants.

Transportation - The movement of water through the atmosphere, usually between oceans and landmasses.

What are the four types of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle?

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Bacteria of Decay

Nitrifying Bacteria

Denitrifying Bacteria

What is the process of Nitrogen fixing bacteria?

Nitrogen fixing invades the root nodules of peas, beans, cloves and into the soil.

What is the process of Bacteria of Decay?

Decomposers dead organisms, animal waste, and plant litter to obtain nutrients.

what is the process of nutrifying bacteria?

Converts most reduced source of soil (nitrogen, ammonia) into oxidized form, nitrate.

What is the process of denitrifying bacteria?

Conversion of nitrates in soil to free atmospheric nitrogen which then turns into ammonia.

Where is carbon dioxide (CO₂)gas found?

In the atmosphere.

How is carbon dioxide used in photosynthesis?

Plants combine it with the hydrogen from water for form glucose.

What does Respiration into atmosphere do?

Respiration releases carbon into the atmosphere and hydrosphere as carbon dioxide, where it becomes available for photosynthesis.

What is ocean current?

flows for great distance and cause water to circulate continuously around the Earth.

What does the enhanced greenhouse effect cause?

Global warming.

Where do ocean currents occur?

At both the surface and deep within the ocean.

what are the causes of currents?

wind, temperature, variations in salinity, rotation of earth on its axis, gravitational pull of sun and moon.

What is the global conveyor belt?

the system constantly moving deep-ocean currents driven by temperature and salinity.

What are the two main ocean currents

Surface and Deep currents

how are surface currents caused?

by wind.

What does surface currents do?

Pushes surface water along util it reaches land. Water will then flow left, right or down. Will flow clockwise in Northern hemisphere and anti-clockwise in Southern hemisphere.

What does major ocean basins form?

Gyges

Deep Currents?

deep currents begin at the poles, where extremely cold water is found as sea ice forms, the water gets saltier as the salt dosen’t freeze. Saltier water sinks.

What happens when ocean currents sink?

as it sinks its replaced by the surrounding water and a current is created. The water will begin to move towards the equator, where they become warmer and less dense.

What are the Earth spheres and their function?

Biosphere - surface of the Earth where all life exists.

hydrosphere - All the water on the Earth.

Lithosphere - is the Earths solid crust and cool part of the mantle immediately below the crust.

Atmosphere - Consists of all the gases that surround the Earth.

how the different sphere interact?

birds (biosphere) flow through the earth (atmosphere), and water (hydrosphere) flows through the soil (lithosphere).

How is state of the atmosphere created?

interactions between the hydrosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere and can change each hour and season to season.

How is climate described?

described by data.

How is Coral bleaching created?

when water temperature in reefs are too warm or polluted, coral begins to bleach.

what is the process of coral bleaching?

Coral becomes stressed and expel the marine algae ;living inside their tissue. This algae would provide the coral with food and energy which allows them to grow and reproduce.