Chemistry <3

For S3 chemistrah

How can an element be tested to determine if it is a metal or non-metal?

If it conducts or not

What is a vertical column of elements called in the periodic table?

Group

What is a horizontal row of elements called in the periodic table?

Period

In what way are elements that are in the same group similar?

Electron shell ending and valency

What is the name of the first group?

Alkali metals

What is the name of the seventh group?

Halogens

What is the name of the 0/eighth group?

Noble gases

Which group contains very reactive metals?

Alkali metals

Which group contain very reactive non-metals?

Halogens

Which group is stable?

Noble gases

What type of particle is every element
made of?

Atoms

Which atom/s is/are found in the nucleus?

Protons and Neutrons

Which atom/s is/are found in the shell (outside nucleus)

Electrons

Which atoms are mass of 1?

Protons and Neutrons

Which atom has a postive charge?

Protons

Which atom has a negative charge?

Electrons

What is used to put the elements in order in the periodic table?

Atomic number/ Protons

What is the mass number?

Number of protons and neutrons

How can the number of neutrons in an atom be calculated?

Mass number - Atomic number

What is the maximum number of electrons that each of the first three electron shells hold?

2,8,8

What are isotopes?

Same atomic number/ protons but different amounts of nuetrons

What types of substances usually join together to form ionic compounds?

Negative non-metals and Positive metals

Why do atoms gain or lose electrons?

To become stable/ gain a full outer shell

What type of substances have metallic bonding?

Metals

What type of stubstances usually form covalent compounds?

Non-metals

What are the diatomic elements?

Hydrogen2, Nitrgen2, Oxygen2, Flourine2, Chlorine2, Bromine2, Iodine2

What are the 4 covalent molecule structures?

Linear, Angular, Trigonal Pyramidal, Tetrahedral

What shape are diatomic molecules?

Linear

What type of structure do ionic compounds have?

Ionic lattice

What is an electric current?

A flow of electric charge.

What charged particles can carry a current?

Freely moving/delocalised electrons and Ions

In what state will ionic compounds conduct?

Liquid, molten

Why do discrete covalent molecular substances have low melting and boiling points?

Weak covalent bonds that are easy to break

What do the prefix mono- mean?

Mono- \= one of (example; carbon monoxide)

What do the prefix di- mean?

Di- \= two of (example; dinitrogen tetroxide)

What do the prefix tri- mean?

Tri- \= three of (example; sulfur trioxide)

What do the prefix tetra- mean?

Tetra- \= four of (example; dinitrogen tetroxide)

How do you calculate the gram formula mass?

Mass divided by Moles

How do you calculate the moles a substance has?

Mass divided by the GFM

How do you calculate the mass a substance has?

Moles times their GFM

What is the gram formula mass? (Let Z2Y represent the subject)

Z's relative atomic mass * 2 \= A
Y's relative atomic mass * 1 \= B
A + B \= GFM

What is a concentraded solution?

Large quantity of dissolved solute, small quantity of water

What is a dilute solution?

 Small quantity of dissolved solute, large quantity of water

How does concentration affect the conductivity of an ionic solution?

The higher the concentration the higher the conductivity

What is the name given to a solution which has an accurately known concentration?

Standard solution

 What are the units of concentration?

molL-1

Are there more OH- in acid or alkali solutions?

Alkali

Are there more H+ in acid or alkali solutions?

Acid

Which gas is **always** produced at the negative electrode when acids are electrolysed?

Hydrogen

What type of bonding do alkalis have?

Ionic (example: Lithium Oxide)

When/ why do alkalis conduct electricity?

In a liquid/ molten form, dissolved in water. The electrons become delocalised and are free to move around

Which type of bonding do acids have?

Covalent (Example: Hydrochloric acid)

When/ why do acids conduct electricity?

When dissolved in water they dissociate into ions. Ions are charged particles and will be free to move

What type of solution is formed when ammonia dissolves in water?

Alkali

Name 2 common acids and alkalis in the laboratory.

Acids: Hydrochloric Acid, Sulphuric Acid

Alkali: Sodium Hydroxide, Potassium Hydroxide

What is required to enable nitrogen to react with oxygen?

Large amount of electrical energy (sparks)

What type of solution (acid/alkali/neutral) do non-metal oxides that dissolve in water tend to produce?

Acidic

What type of solution (acid/alkali/neutral) do metal oxides that dissolve in water tend to produce?

Alkali

What is the gas produced when a metal reacts with acid

Hydrogen

metal + acid → ??

metal salt + hydrogen

metal oxide + acid → ??

metal salt + water

metal carbonate + acid →??

metal salt + water + carbon dioxide

What is a definition of neutralisation

The reaction of an acid with a base producing water.

If the particle size is small during a chemical reaction, is the reaction faster or slower? (compared to a bigger particle size)

Faster (ps)

If the particle size is big during a chemical reaction, is the reaction faster or slower? (compared to a smaller particle size)

slower (ps)

If there is a higher concentration of a substance will their chemical reaction be faster or slower compared to the substance having a low concentration?

Faster (conc)

If there is a lower concentration of a substance will their chemical reaction be faster or slower compared to the substance having a high concentration?

Slower (conc)

If the temperature is high, will the reaction be slower or faster compared to a lower temperature?

Faster (temp)

If the temperature is low, will the reaction be slower or faster compared to a higher temperature?

Slower (temp)

What is a catalyst?

A chemical that speeds up chemical reactions but remains unchanged in the process

Name a catalyst

Manganese Dioxide

What is the formula to find the rate of reaction?

Change of Q/ Change of t

Hydrocarbons

Compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen

what family do hydrocarbons be grouped with?

Homologus series

Homologus series

A family of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties that show a gradual change in physical properties

Carbon to carbon bonds are? (Alkanes)

single

General formula for alkanes

CnH2n+2

What do all Alkenes contain (bond-wise)

at least one carbon to carbon double bond

General formula for Alkenes

CnH2n

Isomers

Same molecular formula but different structural formula

How can Alkenes form isomers

Moving the position of the double bond

What is the 2 bonds (Alkene) name

Diene

What is the 3 bonds (Alkene) name

Triene

What do you use to test for alkenes

Bromine solution

What is the term for testing for alkenes

Bromination

What are you doing when you test for alkenes

Test for unsaturation

What happens to the solution when testing for alkenes (alkene is present)

Rapidly changes colour from brown to colourless/transparent

Alkene + Hydrogen Gas →

Alkane

Term for adding Hydrogen gas to an alkene

Hydrogenation

Alkene + Halogen →

Dihaloalkane

Term for adding halogen to an alkene

Halogenation

Alkene + water →

alcohol

Term for adding water to an alkene

Catalytic hydration

Alkene + Alkene →

Alkene

Term for adding an alkene to an alkene

Polymerisation

Alcohol (fuel) + Oxygen →

Carbon dioxide + water

Term for adding oxygen to alcochol (like methanol)

Combustion

What natural gas is used in bunsen burners

Methanol

When alkanes burn completely, they produce

Carbon dioxide + Water

Methanol + Oxygen (ex.q)

Carbon dioxide + Water (ex.q)