ANML SC - Bovine and Caprine Diseases and Health Conditions

Bovine: Anthrax

• bacterial disease

• bacteria in soil

• depression, reluctance to move, temp. of 107˚F, rapid breathing congested membranes, death🡪blood from orifices

Bovine and Caprine: Blackleg (Clostridial)

• Infection occurs when animals ingest bacterial spores while grazing

• Cattle and Sheep disease

• Inflammed muscles, toxemia, gassy swelling under skin, dragging leg

• Soil and intestinal tract

Bovine: Brucellosis (Bang’s), Undulant Fever

• The disease is known in people because of the recurring fevers accompanying the infection.

• Zoonotic, Veterinarian vaccinated

• Causes abortion after 5th month of pregnancy or orchitis

Bovine: Calf Diphtheria

• Bacterial infection traced to unhygienic conditions with dirty feeding equipment.

• Fusobacterium necrophorum (same as foot rot)

Bovine: Foot and Mouth Disease

• Viral disease causes fever, blisters on the mouth, tongue, teats, and hooves, which can lead to lameness and reduced production in affected animals

• Vesicles on the mouth, feet, udder

• Highly contagious

Bovine: Foot Rot (interdigital Phlegmon)

• a highly contagious disease affecting the interdigital (between the toes) tissue of cows.

• Bacteria growing into the hooves

Bovine: Johne’s Disease

• An infection of the small intestine. Caused by a resistant species of bacteria in cows

• Diarrhea and emaciation

• Thickening or folding of intestinal wall

• Semen, milk, feces, placenta

Bovine: Lumpy Jaw (Actinomycosis)

• A disease that produces permanent hard swellings on the jaw bones of cattle

• Sharp objects

• Infection of the jaw that causes proliferation

Bovine: Wooden Tongue (Actinobacillosis)

• Well-defined disease of the soft tissues of the mouth region in adult cattle

• Sharp objects

• Common cattle health disorders

Bovine: Mad Cow Disease (BSE)

• A fatal degenerative disease of the nervous system in cattle

• Prion (a protein that causes this disease)

• Bone meal (diet)

• Creutzfeldt-Jaboc and kuru

Bovine and Caprine: Pinkeye

• A highly contagious bacterial infection that affects the eyes of cattle

• Cattle and Sheep disease

• Ulceration of the eye, tears, photophobia —> Blindness

• Flies and dust

Bovine: Pneumonia

• Respiratory Disease

• Infection concentrated in the lungs

• Labored breathing nasal charge

• Signs: stretching their neck to maximize airway

Bovine and Caprine: Shipping Fever

• A complex disease in cattle caused by a combination of viral and bacterial infections, primarily affecting the respiratory system

• Cattle and Sheep

• Stress from vaccination, castration, dehorning, weaning, and shipping

Bovine: Tuberculosis

• Bacterial disease

• Zoonotic

• Respiratory disease

Bovine: Hair Foot Warts

• A common hoof issue in cattle that can significantly impact their well-being and productivity. “Cauliflower - like growths” on the back of the hoof

• Lameness (an abnormality in how they walk or stand, often due to pain or weakness in their legs or feet)

Bovine: IBR, Red Nose

• Respiratory disease that affects the upper respiratory tract but can also impact reproductive and other systems. Characterized by fever, nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, and in some cases, abortions.

• BHV-I (Herpes Virus)

• Abortion and infection of the upper airway and trachea

Bovine: Cryptosporidiosis

• Common cause of diarrhea in calves

• Affects calves 1-4 weeks old

• Scours

• Zoonotic

Bovine: Lice

• Primarily caused by chewing and sucking

• Wingless flattened insects

• Sucking and biting

• Neck, back, face and udder area

Bovine: Mites (mange)

• Lesions start on the head, neck, and shoulders and can spread to other parts of the body.

• Chorioptic and sarcoptic

• Pruritus, alopecia

Bovine: Coccidiosis

• A parasitic disease affecting the intestinal tract

• Protozoa (parasite)

• Bloody diarrhea

Bovine: Nematodes (roundworms)

• A common internal parasite in cattle, impacting weight gain, feed efficiency, and reproductive success

• Ostertagia ostertagi

• Diarrhea, weight loss, anemia

Bovine: Ringworm

• Primarily manifests as crusty, scaly skin lesions, especially on the head, neck, and trunk.

• Fungus

• Crusting alopecia

Caprine: Caseous Lymphadenitis CLA

• It manifests as abscesses in lymph nodes and potentially internal organs

• Goat and Sheep disease

• Corynebacterium Pseudotuberculosis

• Lymph nodes

• Abscesses

Caprine: Foot rot

• A highly contagious disease affecting the interdigital (between the toes) tissue of goats

• Goat and Sheep disease

• Dichelobacter nodosus

• Wet, marshy

• lameness

Caprine: Johne’s Disease (Paratuberculosis)

• A contagious, chronic, and usually fatal infection that affects primarily the small intestine of goats.

• Goat and Sheep disease

• thickening or folding of intestinal wall

• semen, milk, feces, placenta

Caprine: Ketosis (Pregnancy toxemia)

• A metabolic disease that occurs when a doe's body cannot produce enough energy to meet the demands of pregnancy, especially in late gestation

• Goat and Sheep disease

• Multiple fetuses → less rumen capacity

• BCS ≤ 2 or ≥4

• Prevent with good BCS (body condition score)

Caprine: Listeriosis

• Sporadic bacterial infection

• Goat and Sheep disease

• Facial paralysis (no symmetry in face)

• Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)

• Oral route

• Transferred in homemade cheese

Caprine: Mastitis

• An inflammation of the mammary gland, often caused by bacteria, but also potentially by viruses, fungi, or injury

• Goat disease

• Dry - period

• Staphylococcus

• Kills udder

Caprine: Tetanus (Clostridium tetani)

• A serious disease in goats which produces a neurotoxin that affects the central nervous system

• Goat disease

• Wounds

• tonic spasms (seesaw stance)

• vaccination

Caprine: Enterotoxemia (Clostridium perfringens type C)

• These bacteria normally reside in the intestines but overgrowth due to changes in diet, like increased grain or milk, can lead to the production of harmful toxin

• Goat and Sheep disease

• Young animals → dysentery (enteritis + bloody diarrhea)

• Trypsin inactivates toxin but colostrum inhibits trypsin

Caprine: Brucellosis

• This disease is considered a severely debilitating and disabling illness that results in high morbidity with intermittent fever, chills, sweats, weakness, myalgia, abortion, osteoarticular complications, endocarditis, depression anorexia, and low mortality

• Goat disease

• Abortion, orchitis, and epididymitis

• Unpasteurized milk

• Malta fever

Caprine: Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (virus)

• Viral disease primarily transmitted from mother to kid through colostrum or milk, and through direct contact with body fluids

• Goat disease

• Mostly dairy goat breeds

• Arthritis, ataxia (uncoordinated movement), mastitis

Caprine: Contagious Ecthyma (Sore mouth/Orf virus)

• A highly contagious viral disease affecting sheep and goats, characterized by painful, crusty lesions on the lips, muzzle, and in the mouth.

• Goat disease

• Zoonotic

• Papules and vesicles

• mouth, feet, udder

• bluetongue

Caprine: Chlamydial Abortion (Chlamydia psittaci)

• A common infectious cause of abortion, stillbirth, and weak kids

• Goat disease

• Most common type of abortion disease

• last month of pregnancy

Caprine: Lice (pediculosis)

• Goat disease

• Irritation, anemia, weight loss

• More common in winter months

• Biting and sucking louse

Caprine: Mites (mange)

• Goat disease

• Burrow under the skin

• Sarcoptic (zoonotic)

  • Crusts and pruritus

  • Usually on head and neck

• Chorioptic

  • Papules and crusts on feet and legs

• Demodectic

  • papules and nodules

  • white grayish exudate in nodules (mites inside)

Caprine: Coccidia (protozoa)

• A parasitic disease that infect the small intestine of goats

• Goat disease

• Destroys the crypts of intestine → unable to absorb nutrient

• Diarrhea, weight loss

Caprine: Trichostrongyles, Ostertagia (G.I. Worms)

• Parasitic gastrointestinal disease

• Goat disease

• Stomach pain, loss of body weight, diarrhea\

Caprine: Cryptorchidism

• A condition where one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum

• Sheep disease

• Testicles do not descend

• Recessive gene

Caprine: Entropian

• The eyelids fold inward and the eyelashes rub on the cornea

• Sheep disease

• Turned in eyelids

• Smile procedure

Caprine: Rectal Prolapse

• Sheep disease

• Black faced sheep and tail docked too short

Caprine: Bluebag (Mastitis)

• a severe form of mastitis in sheep, characterized by a blue-discolored, hard, and swollen udder due to gangrene

• Sheep disease

Caprine: Stiff Lamb Disease

• a nutritional deficiency disease in sheep caused by lack of selenium and/or vitamin E.

• Vitamin E or Selenium Deficiency

Caprine: Scrapie TSE

• a fatal, degenerative disease affecting the central nervous system of sheep and goats, classified as a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy

• Abraded skin, mucous membranes, ingestion of fetal membranes, contaminated bedding, forage or soil

• Ataxia, intense pruritus

• Humans not affected