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Cambridge Effect

The phenomenon where the order of letters in a word does not significantly affect reading comprehension, as long as the first and last letters are in the correct position.

Factorial Design

An experimental setup that involves more than one independent variable (IV), allowing researchers to evaluate the effects of multiple IVs on the dependent variable.

Main Effect

The overall effect of a single independent variable in a factorial design, measured by comparing the mean scores across different levels of that IV.

Interaction Effect

A situation in a factorial design where the effect of one independent variable depends on the level of another independent variable.

IV (Independent Variable)

A variable that is manipulated or controlled in an experiment to test its effects on a dependent variable.

Dependent Variable (DV)

The outcome variable that researchers measure in an experiment to assess the effect of the independent variable.

Mixed Factorial Design

A factorial design that includes at least one independent variable as a between-subjects factor and at least one as a within-subjects factor.

P x E Design

A factorial design involving a person factor (subject variable) and an environmental factor (manipulated variable); used to study interactions between individual traits and external conditions.

Counterbalancing

A technique used in within-subjects designs to control for order effects by varying the order of conditions for different subjects.

Factorial ANOVA

A statistical test used to analyze the differences among group means in a factorial design and to understand main effects and interactions.