Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Expression in the Philippines

These flashcards cover critical terminology and concepts relating to discrimination based on sexual orientation, gender identity, and expression in the Philippines, as discussed in the lecture.

SOGIE

An acronym for Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Expression that encompasses various aspects of gender.

Anti-Discriminatory Bill

Proposed legislation in the Philippines intended to prevent acts of discrimination based on SOGIE.

Universal Policy Articles 2, 3 and 26

International guidelines that ensure respect, equality, and non-discrimination for all individuals.

Toonen v Australia (1994)

A landmark decision that ruled laws criminalizing consensual homosexuality violate privacy protections.

LGUs

Local Government Units that have implemented ordinances banning LGBT discrimination in the Philippines.

House Resolution No. 1333

A resolution filed by Raymond Palatino to investigate discriminatory practices against LGBTQIA+ students.

DepEd Order No. 40

The DepEd Child Protection Policy that protects children in schools from violence, abuse, or discrimination based on SOGIE.

Homophobia

Prejudice and stigma against LGBT individuals, creating hostility towards them.

CBCP

Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines, which opposes the inclusion of gender and sexual orientation in anti-discrimination ordinances.

Article 25 of the convention

Ensures citizens' right to participate in public affairs and access public services without discrimination based on sex.

Philippine Constitution, Article 2

Declares non-discrimination and equality, including for LGBTQIA+ individuals.

1994 Philippine military policy

The declaration of openness to admit LGBTQIA+ individuals in military service.

Civil Service Commission Resolution No. 01-0940

Policy that includes provisions to address sexual harassment in government service.

Anti-Bullying Act of 2013 (RA 10627)

Law that prohibits gender-based bullying in schools.

Child Protection Policy (2012)

A policy ensuring protection for students from violence regardless of their SOGI.

Special Protection of Children Against Child Abuse, Exploitation, and Discrimination Act (RA 7610)

Law aimed at preventing abuse against children, related to their SOGI.

The Labor Code of the Philippines

National law covering employment, which lacks specific provisions against discrimination based on gender identity.

Civil Service Anti-Sexual Harassment Policy

Policy that prohibits derogatory remarks based on sex or sexual orientation within government agencies.

Family Code of the Philippines

Defines marriage as a union between a man and a woman, excluding homosexual relationships.

Adultery (Article 333, Revised Penal Code)

Defined as a wife engaging in sexual intercourse with a man not her husband.

Concubinage (Article 334, Revised Penal Code)

Involves a husband who has sexual relations outside his marriage under scandalous circumstances.

Article 202, Revised Penal Code

Defines prostitutes as women, rendering men engaged in sexual acts invisible to the law.

Gender inequality in night work prohibition (Article 130 Labor Code)

Employment restrictions based on sex in jobs considered 'unsafe' for women.

Parental authority (Article 211 Family Code)

Stipulates joint exercise of parental authority, with the father's decision prevailing in case of disagreement.

Forgiveness clause in Anti-Rape Law (RA 8353)

Allows for a marriage between the offender and victim to extinguish criminal proceedings.

Magna Carta of Women (Republic Act 9710)

Legislation aimed at promoting gender equality and addressing women's rights.

LGBTQIA+

An acronym representing Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer/Questioning, Intersex, Asexual, and more.

Discrimination in the workplace

Unfair treatment of employees based on their sexual orientation or gender identity.

Negative stereotypes in military recruitment

Ongoing biases affecting the treatment and inclusion of LGBTQIA+ individuals in the military.

Encouragement of gender-stereotyped roles

Social pressures placing constraints on children to conform to traditional roles.

Women's access to credit facilities

Limited opportunities for women farmers to secure financing due to lack of land ownership.

Tourism employment disparities

Underrepresentation of women in higher-paying positions within the tourism industry.

Gender equality in entrepreneurship

Efforts to support and increase the presence of female entrepreneurs in various sectors.

Legal protections for LGBTQIA+

Constitutional guarantees ensuring equal protection and rights regardless of sexual orientation.

Gendered division of labor

Allocation of jobs and responsibilities based on traditional gender roles, affecting women's opportunities.

Discrimination against women in agriculture

Women farmers face challenges regarding land ownership and access to resources.

Historic lack of awareness on rights

Many Filipino women are unaware of their rights, leading to inadequate implementation of policies.

Employment conditions in economic zones

Poor working conditions for women despite their significant representation in various industries.

Higher penalties for women in adultery cases

Disparity in legal repercussions based on gender for similar acts.

Men's invisibility in prostitution laws

Legal frameworks that only recognize women in the context of prostitution.

Economic empowerment through women-led businesses

Roles of female entrepreneurs in contributing to economic development and job creation.

Anti-Discrimination provisions in labor laws

Legal protections aimed at preventing discrimination and promoting equality in the workplace.

Gender stereotypes in education

The influence of societal expectations on children's career paths and educational interests.

LGBTQIA+ participation in public life

Rights for individuals to engage in public affairs without discrimination.

Social climate for LGBTQIA+ in the Philippines

Environment characterized by both acceptance and significant discrimination for LGBTQIA+ individuals.

Household responsibilities and gender roles

Expectation that household chores are primarily women's responsibility.

Employment barriers due to SOGIE

Challenges LGBTQIA+ individuals face in job markets due to their gender identity or sexual orientation.

Support for gender-specific needs in agriculture

Policies targeting women farmers to ensure equitable access to resources.

Civil service employment opportunities

Variation in acceptance and treatment of women in public sector roles.

Cultural attitudes towards homosexuality

Societal beliefs and norms that affect acceptance and treatment of LGBTQIA+ individuals.

Comprehensive Gender Curriculum

Proposed inclusion of gender studies in education to address LGBTQIA+ issues.

Equality in marriage laws

Need for legal reforms to recognize same-sex partnerships in the Philippines.

Violence against LGBTQIA+ youth

Prevalence of bullying and discrimination faced by young LGBTQIA+ individuals.

Institute of Gender Equality

Framework for addressing gender bias and inequality in various sectors of society.

Government accountability for discrimination

Role of government in ensuring laws against discrimination are enforced and upheld.