systeme immunitaire reaction

Influenza

The virus responsible for influenza, a viral disease.

Intracellular obligate parasite

A type of parasite that can only live and multiply inside human cells.

Symptoms of the flu

Common symptoms include cough, fever (pyrexia), fatigue (asthenia), muscle aches (myalgias), joint pain (arthralgias), and headaches (céphalées).

Innate immunity

A non-specific immune response that is activated quickly and does not retain memory of pathogens.

Physical barriers

Part of the innate immunity; includes skin, epithelium, mucus, ciliated cells, and sebum.

Chimiotactisme

The mechanism by which phagocytes are attracted to the site of infection.

Phagocytosis

The process by which cells, like macrophages, engulf and digest microbes.

Adaptive immunity

A specific immune response that takes longer to develop but includes memory of the pathogen for faster future responses.

Humoral immunity

The part of adaptive immunity that targets extracellular pathogens using B lymphocytes.

Plasmocytes

B cells that differentiate to produce antibodies.

CD4 T lymphocytes

Helper T cells that coordinate the immune response.

CD8 T lymphocytes

Cytotoxic T cells capable of killing infected cells.

Perforin

A protein released by CD8 T cells that creates holes in infected cell membranes.

Granzymes

Proteins released by CD8 T cells that trigger apoptosis in infected cells.

Vaccination

The process of injecting a harmless antigen to stimulate an immune response and create memory cells.

Types of vaccines

Includes live attenuated, inactivated, fragment-based, and nucleic acid vaccines.

Primary response

The initial immune response upon first exposure to an antigen, which takes time.

Secondary response

A more rapid and efficient immune response upon subsequent exposure to the same antigen.