chemistry and physics unit test 5 lessons 9, 10, 11

Sound

A vibration.

Sound wave

A moving vibration.

Echo

A sound you hear a second time.

Mach 1

760 miles per hour.

Supersonic speed

Anything faster than 760 mph.

Sonic boom

The sound of something breaking the sound barrier.

Infra-sound

A sound too low for us to hear.

Pitch

How we describe the sound we hear.

Timbre

Quality of sound.

Sonar

Sound navigation and ranging.

Bio-acoustics

Study of sound made by wildlife.

Nuclear fusion

When particles join together and fuse.

Radiant energy

Light.

Incandescent light

Light hot enough to glow.

Light emitting diode

LED.

Opaque

If light can’t pass through something.

Translucent/transparent

If light can pass through.

Shadow

Blocked light.

Electromagnetic energy

Energy that reaches from the sun to the earth.

Invisible spectrum

Colors we can’t see.

Colour spectrum/visible spectrum

Everything we can see.

Ultraviolet

Higher frequency than violet.

Infrared

Has longer wavelengths and generates heat.

Angle of incidence

The angle of reflection.

Refraction

Bending of light.

Laws of thermodynamics

Four special laws that deal with energy and all kinds of matter.

Thermodynamics

The study of thermal energy.

Zeroth law

If two bodies are each in thermal equilibrium with some third body, then they are also in equilibrium with each other.

First law of thermodynamics

Energy and matter can never be created or destroyed.

Second law of thermodynamics

The universe as a whole is becoming less and less organized.

Entropy

A measure of disorder.

Third law of thermodynamics

The entropy of a system reaches its minimum the cooler it gets.

Heat source

The hotter of two items.

Heat sink

The cooler of two items.

Radiation

Energy that moves through space.

Radiant heat

Heat that moves through space.

Convection

Heat that transfers from liquids.

Sea breeze

Air over the ocean that rushes in to fill the space rising air leaves.

Land breeze

The air that replaces a sea breeze.

Conduction

When a heat source and heat sink are connected through matter.

Combustion

Chemical reaction when something reacts with oxygen.

Fire triangle

Heat, fuel, oxygen.

Fahrenheit

US way to measure heat. 32 degrees Fahrenheit to 1 degree Celsius.

Celsius

Way to measure heat outside of the US. The boiling point of water is 100 degrees and the freezing point of water is 0 degrees Celsius.

Kelvin

Form of measurement for heat that scientists use. Water freezes at 273.15 Kelvins and boils at 373.15 Kelvins.

Thermal expansion

When things expand as they heat up.