AOS 1 Unit 3 Physical education

(not biomechanics)

4 factors that influence motion

-weight

-mass

-interia

-force

3 categories of Fundamental skills and examples

-Locomotor(movement-Running)

-Manipulative(object control-Throwing)

-Stability(Body control-Balencing)

what are sport specific movement skills

skills that apply specifically to particular sports

Pyramid Taxonomy (the 3 P’s)

Proficiency

Performance

Participation

What are gross motor skills + example

involves recruitment of large muscle groups of whole body

Eg swimming ,running

What are fine motor skills + example

Involves recriument of smaller muscles associated with movements

Eg volleyball tap of ball using finger

Types of movement— Discrete

Have beginning and end, such as kicking a ball or making a netball pass

Types of movement-Serial motor skills

Discrete skills performed sequence Eg gymnastic floor routine

Types of movement- continuous motor skills

no definite beginning or end point, includes activities such as walking and running

Stability and environment-Closed skills

Performer has the greatest control over performance environment

-Eg diving routine(not affected by the weather)

Stability and environment- open skills

-Performed in less predictable environment

-Conditions constantly change, no control with environment

Eg surfing

Stages of learning

Cognitive=beginner

Associative=intermediate

Autonomous=elite

Characteristics + about cognitive learners

-Easily make mistakes/many

-inconsistence performance

-needs to focus on basic skills

characteristics + about associative learners

-More consistent

-Only here and there errors

-Opportunity to practice open skills and game like situations

characteristics + about autonomous learners

-Skill is now automatic

-No need to consciously think about skill

4 types of pratice

-Amount

-Type

-Distribution

-Variability

What is diminishing returns

The closer you are to your maximal potential the slow the increase of gain/getting better

What is part practice and about

part practice=Practice of individual part of a skill

(useful for beginners as things are broken down)

What is whole practice + about

Whole practice= practice of whole skill

(All about timing and movement)

Read book for more

Massed practice

(practice in big block-eg 2 hours bball)

Involves less frequent but longer duration sessions

Pros and cons massed pratice

Pro-less time consuming as only 1 block worth

Neg-More physical and mental

Distribution practice

(shorter but more block)

Considered a more effective learning environment

(eg footy clubs do; 1 hour running morning, 1 hour gym middle day and 1 hour recovery night)

Pros and cons of Distribution pratice

Neg-Time consuming

pro-improve rest and recovery

-Also more likely to improve

Variability of practice-Blocked pratice

(repetition)

practicing the same skill continually without changing to different task

(eg 50 netball shots in a row)

Variability of practice-Random pratice

The varied sequencing of different skills in the same training session

Eg volleyball could be dig,spike,set, repeat

-multiple drills/skills in one

Advantages of blocked pratice

-good for cognitive(beginner) learners as it faster skill development

Advantages of Random pratice

-more suitable to associative and autonomous leaners

-has been shown to improve skill

intrinsic feedback

feedback you get from your senses

(touch,hear,feel)

Augmented feedback

Is external feedback outside to any intrinsic feedback that an athlete can feel for themselves

Coach-providing external feedback on skill-Timing running 100m results

What is knowledge of result

refers to how successfully a skills is performed

-is always external feedback, can come from coach, parents etc

What is knowledge of performance

Feedback on the quality of execution of the skill and may come from either intrinsic or extrinsic sources

eg realising your knee is to low when running

3 benefits of feedback

-Motivation

-Highlighting skill errors for error correction

-Provides positive reinforcement

Direct coaching

-the direct approach is an instructor orientated approach to coaching movement

skills, where the learner is told

Told what to do and when

advantages direct coaching

-Keeps learning on task

-Emphasis on technique

Coaching constraints-manipulative

(Change environment for better)

Change environment for better task constraints to encourage learners to explore movement solutions

Coaching constraints-- developing learning enviroments

(Learning game like environment)

That couple key environments sources of environmental information with movement

all things best for cognitive learners

-massed practice

-Blocked practice

-Augmented(external) - talk from coach

-Part practice (Working on singular skills)’

-Knowledge of results(see what they got wrong and work on it

All things best for associative— Autonomous leaners

-Distributed practice

-Random practice(sequencing)

-Whole practice(whole skill)

-Intrinsic feedback(comes from senses)

-Knowledge of performance(feedback on quality of skill)

What is the qualitative movement anaylsis(POEE)

Preparation

observation

evaluation

error and correction

sociocultural factors(p s c c g f)

Peers

Socio economic

community

cultural backround

gender

family

what is the linear approach

same thing over and over predictable and sequential skill learning

classification of skills

link between moror skill development, participation and performance

transferability

being apple to transfer skills from one sport to another