CH 8: DNA Replication (pt 2/2)

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21 Terms

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offspring of a cell
daughter cells
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cell copies itself through..
DNA replication
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origin of replication
site where initiator proteins attach to DNA. replication happens simultaneously at these sites.
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topoisomerase
enzyme that untwists the double helix in DNA
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helicase
enzyme that breaks hydrogen bonds between bases in DNA.
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primers
short strands of DNA that bind to respective nucleotides
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DNA ligase
seals any gaps in phosphate backbone strand
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semiconservative replication
DNA doesn't make totally new strands when it replicates
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3'
side of DNA strand that ends in 3 carbons
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5'
side of DNA strand that ends in 5 carbons
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DNA reads
5' to 3'
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eukaryotic DNA polymerases
adds around 50 nucleotides per second
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prokaryotic DNA polymerases
add around 1000 nucleotides per second
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mutation
permanent change in the DNA sequence of a chromosome
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mutagens
chemical that permanently changes DNA
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retroviruses
use their own genetic material (RNA) to alter their host’s DNA
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common causes for mutations during DNA replication
chemical exposure, infectious agents, oxidative stress, UV exposure, other forms of electromagnetic radiation
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evolution is caused by..
constant mutations
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if one parent has the gene for cystic fibrosis..
you're less likely to get fatal typhoid
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if one parent has the gene for sickle cell..
you're less likely to get malaria
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evolution
is caused by constant mutations