specific and non-specific immune response

Agglutination

Agglutination

________- one antibody binds to two pathogens, causing them to clump together.

Mast cells

________ are activated when skin is ruptured they release histamine and cytokines.

Lymphocytes

________- formed in the bone marrow and stored in the lymph.

Monocytes

________- macrophages- large kidney shaped nucleus.

Cytokines

________ attract WBC to deal with any pathogens.

Lysosomes

________ have enzymes that digests molecules.

Antibodies

________ produced by the b- cells will bind to antigens, neutralising them, or causing lysis (destruction of cells by a lysin) or phagocytosis.

Phagocytes

________ and lysosomes are involved in destroying macrophages.

Neutrophils

________- lobed nucleus.

Neutralisation

________- antibodies can act as antitoxins binding with toxins produced by pathogens.

Eosinophils

________- allergic response.

Basophils

________- mast cells- histamines.

T cells

________ rely on antigen- presenting cells that contain membrane bound MHC class i proteins I proteins to recognise antigens.

Histamines

________ also increase the permeability of the cell wall, causing more tissue fluid to escape causing swelling and the pain.

Plasma cells

________- these produce specific antibodies to an invading antigen.these only live for a few days but produce up to 2000 antibodies per second when active.

Inflammation

________ is swelling of skin immediately around the rupture.

B memory cells

________- these remain in the blood for long periods of time, providing immunological memory.if infection occurs these reproduce rapidly and produce the same specific antigen.

T regulator cells

________- these prevent an autoimmune response by repressing the immune system after the pathogens have been destroyed.

B cells

________ divide to produce plasma cells which rapidly secrete antibodies.

Histamine these

________ make blood vessels dilate, causing localised heat and redness.high temperature prevent pathogen reproduction.

Lymphocytes

________ recognise antigen molecules on the surface of pathogens, and co- ordinate the immune response against that pathogen.

Phagocytes

________ engulf pathogens /macrophages.

Antibody

________- antigen complex acts similar to the opsonin chemical, by stimulating the digested by phagocytosis.

Lymphocytes

________ are a type of WBC found in the blood and lymph nodes and a transition microscope should be used to see them.