Lang summer glossary terms

Alliteration

Repetition of consonants at the beginning of words placed closely together; ex. Sally Sells Seashells by the Sea Shore

Alllusion

Reference to a well known person, place, thing, or event; ex. You’re the mickey to my minnie

Anaphora

Repetition of a word or words at the beginning of a sentence, phrase, or clause; ex. I wish I may, I wish I might

Anecdote

An enticing short story about a real experience or person

Annotate

To take detailed notes over a text

Antithesis/ Juxtaposition

contrasts 2 opposing ideas in consecutive sentences or phrases; ex. It was the best of times. It was the worst of times

Archetype

Universal symbols that evoke a deep emotion or connection to something; ex. happy, pure, and optimistic character symbolizes innocence

Archaic Diction

Old fashioned or outdated choice of words; ex. Thou shalt not enter

Assonance

Repetition of vowel sounds in nearby words ; ex. All About Alice And her Apple tree

Asyndeton

When conjunctions are left out of a sentence; ex. I came, I saw, I conquered

Claim

Argument a person makes toward one side

Cognitive Dissonance

Humans seek to reduce inconsistencies in their actions and their beliefs; ex. You want to be healthy but don’t exercise regularly and eat right so you feel guilty

Concession/ To Concede

To acknowledge the opposing view

Connotation

The feeling or response tied to certain words; ex. the word glow seems positive and happy

Consonace

The repetition of consonant sounds in the middle or end of words; ex. mIKE lIKES his new bIKE

Counterargument

The argument f the opposing side of your claim

Denotation

The dictionary definition of a word

Diction

Word choice

Ethos

An appeal t credibility

Fallacy

A misleading or mistaken idea

Hyperbole

An exaggeration; ex. I’m so hungry I could eat a horse

Logos

An appeal to logic

Loose sentence

Main idea ( independent clause) comes first followed by dependent grammatical units (phrases and clauses) ex. I went to the movies yesterday, bought candy, and an icee

Inversion

Inverted order of words in a sentence; ex. In that barn live four horses

Irony

A contrast between expectation and reality

Dramatic Irony

When the audience knows something the character doesn’t

Verbal Irony

When what is said is opposite to what is meant

Situational Irony

When the opposite of what is expected to happen happens

Metaphor

A direct comparison; ex. Life is a highway

Oxymoron

When 2 opposites are used consecutively to describe something; ex. jumbo shrimp

Parallelism

Repeated use of grammatical structure; ex. no PAIN no GAIN

Pathos

An appeal to emotion

Periodic Sentence

Sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end; ex. In spite of heavy snow and cold temperatures, the game continued

Personification

Giving human characteristics to non-human objects

Propoganda

Widespread promotion of a particular idea

Refute/ Refutation

To disapprove, to prove wrong using evidence

Rhetoric

Communication used to influence the attitudes or behaviors of others; the art of persuasion

Rhetorical Appeals

The use of emotional, ethical, and logical arguments to persuade in writing or speaking

Rhetorical Question

A question to which there only appears to be one answer, and conveniently seems to support writer’s claim

Satire

Criticization of people or institutions through humor

Synechdoche

Use of a part to represent a whole; ex. All hands on deck

Syntax

Sentence Structure

Tone

A writer’s attitude toward the subject, character, or audience

Warrant

To justify

Zeugma

A construction in which a single word, especially a verb or an adjective, is applied to 2 or more nouns when its sense is appropriate to only one of them or is appropriate t each but in a different way; ex. she broke his car and his heart