Lecture 4 Homework Questions

The least common, but most deadly, type of skin cancer is..

basal cell carcinoma

squamous cell carcinoma

melanoma

skin lymphoma

skin sarcoma

melanoma 

Spicules and trabeculae are found in…

spongy bone

compact bone

yellow bone marrow 

red bone marrow

bone matrix

spongy bone

Excessive hairiness is called…

alopecia

catagenism

telogenism

hirsutism

anagenism 

hirsutism

A vertebra is considered a long bone, True or False?

False

Bones, cartilage, and ligaments are tissues and organs of the skeletal system, True or False?

True

A long bone is covered externally with a sheath called the __whereas the marrow cavity is lined with the ___

epiphysis; diaphysis

endosteum; periosteum

compact bone; spongy bone

diaphysis; epiphysis

periosteum; endosteum

periosteum; endosteum

Basal cell carcinoma initially affects cells of the stratum…

lucidum

spinosum

basale

germinativum

corneum

basale

Patches of fibrocartilage formed in the healing of a fracture are called ____, whereas the bony collar formed around the fracture is called ______.

soft callus; hard callus

fracture hematoma; hard callus

fracture hematoma; granulation tissue

granulation tissue; soft callus

fracture hematoma; granulation tissue

soft callus; hard callus

The three forms of skin cancer are defined by the types of cells from which they originate, True or False?

True

In endochondral ossification, the precursor connective tissue is _________, which is replaced by bone.

embryonic mesenchyme

fibrous membranes

hyaline cartilage

transitional epithelium

fibrocartilage

hyaline cartilage

Intramembranous ossification produces the ______.

irregular bones of the vertebrae

flat bones of the skull 

long bones of the limbs 

short bones of the wrist

short bones of the ankle

flat bones of the skull 

Which cutaneous glands are concerned with cooling the body?

Ceruminous glands

Sebaceous glands

Merocrine glands

Apocrine glands

Exothermic glands

Merocrine glands

Bone elongation is a result of ______.

cartilage growth

muscle growth

osseous tissue growth

fibrous membrane addition

dense irregular connective tissue addition

cartilage growth

Osseous tissue is a(an) _______tissue.

connective

epithelial

dense regular

dense irregular

reticular

connective

A decline in bone density can lead to ____.

osteomyelitis

osteoporosis

osteosarcoma

osteomalacia

rickets

osteoporosis

Which of the following cells stand guard against toxins, microbes, and other pathogens?

Keratinocytes

Melanocytes

Adipocytes

Dendritic cells

Tactile cells

Dendritic cells

Which of the following is not found in the epidermis?

Melanocytes

Fibroblasts

Stem cells

Keratinocytes

Tactile cells

Fibroblasts

Chondrocytes multiply in the zone of ____ of the metaphysis.

reserve cartilage

cell proliferation

cell hypertrophy

calcification 

bone deposition

cell proliferation

Concentric lamellae within an osteon are connected by lacunae, True or False?

False

The deeper of the two layers of the skin is the hypodermis, True or False?

False

In which of the following regions would a subcutaneous injection be administered?

Stratum basale

Stratum spinosum

Stratum corneum

Dermis

Hypodermis

Hypodermis

Albinism is the genetic lack of melanin that results in a milky white coloration of the skin, True or False?

True 

The hypodermis is characterized by an abundance of which tissue?

Statified squamous epithelium

Smooth muscle

Nervous tissue

Adipose tissue

Dense irregular connective tissue

Adipose tissue

Looking at a slide of axillary skin under the microscope, you notice the presence of ______ glands that are absent on slides of the scalp.

merocrine

apocrine

sebaceous

ceruminous

perspiration

apocrine

Osteoporosis often leads to an exaggerated thoracic spinal curvature, which is called hyperkyphosis, True or False?

True

Which accessory structure is highlighted in the picture?

Sebaceous

Piloerector

Dermis

Hypodermis

Hair

Hair

Bone protrudes through the skin in a fracture called _______.

complete

incomplete

closed

open

displaced

open

Synthesized by the combined action of the skin, kidneys, and liver, ______promotes bone resorption but is also necessary for bone deposition.

growth hormone

testosterone

estrogen

calcitonin

calcitriol 

calcitriol 

The ___________ glands are scent glands that respond especially to stress and sexual stimulation, and may be a source of sex pheromones.

ceruminous

merocrine

mammary

sebaceous

apocrine

apocrine

The cortex of the long bone's diaphysis is made of ________.

marrow

compact bone

spongy bone

dense regular connective tissue

articular cartilage

compact bone

Osteogenic cells are bone stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts and osteoclasts, True or False?

False

Hypercalcemia is rare, but hypocalcemia can result from a wide variety of conditions, True or False?

True

A fracture in which the bone is broken into three or more pieces is called a ______fracture.

linear

pott

comminuted

greenstick

compound

comminuted

In whom are fully developed mammary glands found?

In lactating females

In lactating and non-lactating females

In non-lactating females

In non-lactating females and males

In lactating females

Which layer of the epidermis consists of up to 30 layers of dead cells?

Stratum basale

Stratum spinosum

Stratum granulosum

Stratum lucidum

Stratum corneum

Stratum corneum

Freckles are elevated patches with an abnormal coloration of the skin, True or False?

False

A break in a bone that is already weakened by some other disease is called a(n) ________fracture.

greenstick

open

closed

pathologic

displaced

pathologic

Living keratinocytes exfoliate from the epidermis as tiny specks called dander, True or False?

False

_________ is/are formed partly from the secretions of glands in the external ear canal.

Sebum

Cerumen

Sweat

Scents

Mucus

Cerumen

Embarrassment can be perceived by an abnormal coloration of the skin called cyanosis, True or False?

False

Red bone marrow does not contain ________.

myeloid tissue

yellow bone marrow

hematopoietic tissue

white blood cells

red blood cells

yellow bone marrow

Which structure is highlighted on this section of a cadaver finger?

Free edge

Nail bed

Lunule

Eponychium

Nail fold

Nail bed

Red bone marrow is important in the production of new bone cells, True or False?

False

The spaces found within the concentric lamellae are called ________, and they contain _______.

canaliculi; osteoblasts

osteons; stem cells

lacunae; osteocytes 

lacunae; osteoclasts

central canals; osteocytes

lacunae; osteocytes 

The skin is a barrier to all of the following except ________.

metals such as mercury

infectious organisms

water

UV rays

metals such as mercury

New bone is deposited by cells known as _________.

osteoblasts

tunnel cells

endosteum

osteoclasts

periosteum

osteoblasts

The hematopoietic tissue in a bone is otherwise known as myeloid tissue True or False?

True

Each hair grows in an oblique epithelial tube called a…

hair follicle

vellum

pilus

bulb

shaft

hair follicle 

Most blood cells are produced in the red marrow of bones, True or False?

True

The fastest rate of mitosis happens in the…

stratum basale

stratum spinosum

stratum granulosum

stratum lucidum

stratum corneum

stratum basale

What is the white opaque "moon" often found at the proximal end of a fingernail called?

Free edge

Nail body

Eponychium

Lunule

Nail root

Lunule

Melanin, hemoglobin, and possibly carotene give color to the skin, True or False?

True 

Calcium plays an essential role in all of the following except _________
muscle contraction

exocytosis

blood clotting

DNA synthesis

communication among neurons

DNA synthesis

The skin carries out the first step in the synthesis of vitamin D, True or False?

True

Closed reduction is the surgical realignment of the parts of a broken bone, True or False?

False

The "ABCDE rule" for recognizing early signs of malignant melanoma refers to which of the following characteristics of the lesion?

Asymmetry, border irregularity, color, diameter, and evolution

Asymmetry, brightness, color, diameter, and elevation

Aspect, brightness, color, distance, and evolution

Aspect, border irregularity, color, distance, and elevation

Area, border irregularity, color, density, and elevation

Asymmetry, border irregularity, color, diameter, and evolution

The center cavity of the diaphysis of a long bone is called the _________

marrow cavity

central canal

nutrient foramen

canaliculus

epiphysis

marrow cavity

Straight hair is round, wavy hair is oval, and curly hair is relatively flat, True or False?

True

The acidity of sweat contributes to the acid mantle that inhibits bacterial growth in the skin, True or False?

True

Which of the following are associated with the sense of touch?

Fibroblasts

Melanocytes

Keratinocytes

Dendritic cells

Tactile cells

Tactile cells

Osteomalacia results in bone brittleness, True or False?

False

Which structure is highlighted in the cadaver skin?

Epidermis

Subcutaneous layer

Dermis 

Hypodermis

Sebaceous layer

Dermis

Burns involve the epidermis, all of the dermis, and often some deeper tissue.

First Degree

Second Degree

Third Degree

Partial Thickness

Malignant

Third Degree

Fingerprints left on things we touch are associated with our _________

dermal papillae

dermal connective tissue

stratum basale

subcutaneous tissue

subcutaneous adipose

dermal papillae

Concentric lamellae within an osteon are connected by lacunae, True or False?

False

Merocrine sweat glands are associated with hair follicles in the pubic and anal regions, axilla, areola, and beard, True or False?

False

The narrow zone of dead skin overhanging the proximal end of a nail is called the _________

eponychium

lunule

nail plate

nail body 

nail root

eponychium

Mitosis in the _________ accounts for growth of the nail

nail plate

nail fold

eponychium

hyponychium

nail matrix

nail matrix

A hair cycle consists of three developmental stages in which order?

Anagen, telogen, and catagen

Anagen, catagen, and telogen

Catagen, anagen, and telogen

Catagen, telogen, and anagen

Telogen, anagen, and catagen

Anagen, catagen, and telogen

The base where a hair follicle originates in the skin is known as the _________

hair bulb

hair root

shaft

medulla

cuticle

hair bulb

A growing long bone in a child has only two areas of cartilage at the epiphysis. These two areas are the _________

elastic cartilage and epiphyseal plate

epiphyseal plate and epiphyseal line

primary and secondary ossification centers

fibrocartilage and articular cartilage

articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate

articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate

New bone is deposited by cells known as..

periosteum

osteoclasts

osteoblasts

tunnel cells

endosteum

osteoblasts

Which structure is highlighted in the cadaver skin?

Epidermis

Subcutaneous layer

Dermis 

Hypodermis

Sebaceous layer

Hypodermis

Mammary glands are modified ________glands that develop within the female breasts during pregnancy and lactation.

merocrine

apocrine

ceruminous

sebaceous

eccrine

apocrine

Hair and nails are composed of collagen, True or False?

False

Hypocalcemia can cause _________

emotional disturbances

depression of the nervous system

muscle weakness

sluggish reflexes

muscle spasms

muscle spasms

What type of hair is present prenatally and usually replaced by birth?

Lunule

Peach fuzz

Terminal hair

Vellus

Downy (Lanugo)

Downy (Lanugo)

Most of the skin is _________ mm thick.

0.01 to 0.02

0.1 to 0.2

1 to 2

10 to 20

100 to 200

1 to 2

The expanded ends of a long bone are called the _________

epiphyses

diaphyses

articular cartilages

periosteums

endosteums

epiphyses

In appositional bone growth, new bone is deposited around a _____.

small nerve

lymphatic

blood vessel

collection of osteoblasts

central core of existing bone

blood vessel

Intramembranous ossification is common in children, whereas endochondral ossification is typical in young adults, True or False?

False

Bones grow in diameter by interstitial growth, True or False?

False

Debridement is not necessary to infection control, True or False?

False

The oil of your scalp is secreted by _______ glands associated with the hair follicles.

merocrine sweat

apocrine sweat

sebaceous

ceruminous

eccrine sweat

sebaceous

A radiograph (X-ray) of a child's hand will show epiphyseal lines, True or False?

False

Adding pins and plates to a fracture to aid repair is called traction, True or False

False

Variations in hair color arise from differing amounts of _________

collagen and elastic filaments

keratin and melanin

carotene and hemoglobin

carotene and collagen

eumelanin and pheomelanin

eumelanin and pheomelanin

Phosphate is necessary for all of the following except _________
ATP

DNA

phospholipids

RNA

amino acids

amino acids

Appositional bone growth is a process that _____.

forms new bone on the surface of older bone

replaces older bone with new bone

reduces the number of osteons

forms new bone from fibrocartilage

eliminates blood vessels from bone

forms new bone on the surface of older bone

The thin layer of slightly denser spongy bone that separates an adult's epiphysis from the diaphysis is called the _________.

periosteum

metaphysis

growth plate

epiphyseal line

diaphysial line

epiphyseal line