TExES Social Studies 7-12 (232) World History Competency 004 (C & D)

Imperialism

Modern industrial nations sought economic control over weaker nations leading to this

Nationalism

This led to an increased sense of competition as stronger nations sought to expand their empires

British Empire

This was the largest imperial power at the time with colonies and possessions on every populated continent

India

This was one of Britain's most significant colonies providing tea, cotton, coffee, and indigo

Indirect Rule

The British preferred colonies to be given a degree of autonomy or this

Opium War

This was a conflict between China and Britain when Chinese ordered the confiscation and destruction of imports from the British East India Company and took British merchants hostage

Opium War

This occurred in response to Lin Zexu taking British merchants hostage when the UK took military action

Treaty of Nanjing

The British superior military action led to a decisive victory over the Chinese and led to this requiring China to pay for the cost of the Opium War as well as the cost of the destroyed opium

Treaty of Nanjing

As a result of this China was forced to open additional ports to foreign trade, give up control of Hong Kong to Britain and grant British citizens extraterritoriality

Chinese Nationalism

As a result of the Treaty of Nanjing with the sustained presence of foreigners in the nation led to conflict leading to an upsurge in this to rid foreign influence

Ottoman Empire

This was known as The Sick Man of Europe because it was small, weak, and in debt

Ottoman Empire

A switch from land routes to sea routes significantly led to the decline of this empire

Matthew Perry

His arrival in Japan marked the end of 200 years of self imposed isolation

Treaty of Kanagawa

Perry arrived in Japan with this from the US President to open Japan to foreign trade

Treaty of Kanagawa

This effectively ended Japanese isolationism and turned the country towards a new domestic policy of rapid modernization

Emperor Meiji

After Japan ended its isolation he forced the resignation and abdication of the shogun Yoshinobu and set up a bicameral house similar to British model and instituted state sponsored industrialization

Japanese State Sponsored Industrialization

This method quickly took hold in Japan with the construction of railroads and modernization of its army and navy

Emperor Meiji

Under this emperor Japan modernized quickly and by 1900 it began to follow a foreign policy of empire building leading to future conflicts and establishing Japan as a global power

Sino-Japanese War

This was a war fought between China and Japan for control over Korea from 1894-1895

Sino-Japanese War

This occurred as a result of Japanese expansionist policy following its rapid industrialization

Sino-Japanese War

This occurred after a series of rebellions to include the 1882 crisis (rice granary and Japanese barracks attacked prompting Japanense warship intervention) pro-Japanese reformers in the Gapsin Coup who were killed, riots in Nagasaki instigated by Qing Dynasty, assassination of Kim Ok-guyn (Chinese displayed his body as a warning), and the Tonghak Rebellion resulting in Japanese intervention for its view of Chinese violation of the Convention of Tientsin

Treaty of Shimonoseku

This ended the Sino-Japanese War where the Qing agreed to stay out of Korea, gave up its rights to parts of Manchuria, and ceded Taiwan to Japan

Sino-Japanese War

The result of this was a clear indication of Japan's imperial aspirations in Asia and a reflection of China's inability to keep pace with the new world

Russo-Japanese War

This was fought as a result of rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea from 1904-1905

Russo-Japanese War

As a result of the threat of Russian expansion in Manchuria this occurred when Japan offered to recognize Russian dominance in Manchuria in exchange for recognition of Korea within Japanese sphere of influence. Russia refused sparking this conflict

Port Arthur

This was the site of the Japanese attack against the Russians in 1904 marking the beginning of the Russo-Japanese War

Treaty of Portsmouth

This effectively ended the Russo-Japanese War with the Russians suffering significant and numerous defeats

Treaty of Portsmouth

TR mediated this in New Hampshire and as a result of Bloody Sunday Tsar Nicholas II agreed to peace with Russia recognizing Korea as part of the Japanese sphere of influence, evacuating Manchuria, giving up its lease to Japan for Port Arthur, and ceding the southern half of the Sakhalin Island to Japan.

Qingdao

This was a German controlled seaport that was invaded by Japan in 1915

21 Demands

As a result of Japan invading Qingdao, China demanded its withdrawal. Japan issued this secret ultimatum in hopes of securing control over China set during WWI

21 Demands

This would have given Japan economic and military control over China however the most controversial, Group 5, was dropped reducing these to 13

21 Demands

It was revised to include 13 restoring control back to China in large part because of British intervention and agreed to give control of the Manchurian Railroads to Japan

21 Demands

After its finalization the US expressed deep concern with Japan's objection to the Open Door Policy and Britain no longer trusted the Japanese as a result of their bully diplomacy; China was still hostile towards Japan leading to a wide scale boycott of Japanese goods.

US Open Door Policy

This was a US policy that sought equal trading rights for all nations trading in China and commerical advantages for US business

US Open Door Policy

This was proposed by John Hay as a result of the US being one of the few imperial powers without a sphere of influence in China though it was never formally agreed the policy went unchallenged but was first violated by Japan in 1931 with their seizure of Manchuria and broken with impunity thereafter

Industrial Revolution

The affairs of Europe, including the French Revolution and Napoleon and Englands economic and political stability allowed for this to occur

Industrial Revolution

This began in England due to the availability of workers, natural resources, canal network, wealthy investors, and a government that encouraged capitalist efforts

Textile Industry

This was the first to industrialize

Industrial Revolution

This marked the shift from agrarian based societies to ones based on manufacturing

Industrial Revolution

At first, machines were operated by wind and water but by the late 1700s the steam engine was powering machines and transportation

Mass Production

This drove down the price of consumer items with the resulting increase in demand encouraging the development of quicker methods of production

Industrial Revolution

This triggered the rise in the standard of living with the emergence of the middle class

Urbanization

This occurred as people moved from the countryside to cities in search of work and led to the development of tenements

Minimum Wage

As a result of the Industrial Revolution governments stepped in and passed laws to protect workers earnings called this

Unions

These emerged during the industrial revolution to protect workers rights

Clash of Economic Theories

The Industrial Revolution sparked wide spread debate between capitalism and socialism

Industrial Revolution

This promoted nations needs for cheap resources leading to increased imperialism

Factory System

This developed during the Industrial Revolution as a way to house large and expensive machines in a single location near a source of power to mass produce goods

Interchangeable Parts

Mass production led to this as a way to meet increase demand and efficiency and cost

Honore Blanc

This French gunsmith produced some of the first firearms with interchangeable parts by demonstrating that muskets could be assembled from a pile of parts selected at random

Eli Whitney

In the US he saw the potential benefit of developing interchangeable parts military firearms however the problem that remained was the parts were still hand made by skilled craftsmen and still expensive

Marc Isambard Brunel

He first achieved mass production, along with Brunel, Maudslay, Goodrich, and Brig. Gen. Bentham in sailing blocks

Eli Whitney

He invented the modern version of the Cotton Gin mechanizing the cleaning of cotton using hooks to pull cotton through a wire screen to separate seeds

Cotton Gin

The invention of this machine increased the demand for slaves as cotton surged from 750000 bales in 1830 to 285 million in 1850 providing 2/3rds of the worlds cotton by 1860

Telegraph

Morse perfected this by proving electric signals could be transmitted by wire using pulses of current to deflect an electromagnet moving a marker to produce codes on a strip of paper: Morse Code

Dyar

He invented the first telegraph in the US sending sparks through chemically treated tape to burn dots and dashes

Henry

He sent an electric current over a mile of wire to activate an electromagnet that caused a bell to strike

Steam Engine

This was developed by Watt and played a key role in industrialization

Steam Engine

This burns coal to boil water which in turn forces a piston to turn a wheel to drive a mechanical device to perform work