Personnel Protection (RADS 349)

In medical radiography most occupational exposure is from:

Fluoroscopy, Interventional Procedure, and Mobile Radiography

Thee Cardinal Rules of Radiation Protection:

Time, Distance, Shielding

shall statements; should statements

required; recommended

If the bucky slot cover and the drape are not provided in fluoroscopy the exposure to the radiographer is...

greater, 1 mGya/hr at a distance 0.6 m from the side table

Clear lead-acrylic barrier (fluoroscopy)

secondary barrier with at least 30% lead available in Pb equivalency from 0.3-2mm

When doing fluoro we want to...

step back away when not needed in the room, even behind the control panel when possible, and if standing in the room, stand at the side rather than the head or foot

C-arm

A mobile fluoroscopy unit used in surgery or at the bedside

C-ARM reduction in personnel exposure can be achieved by:

-close collimation, protective apparel

-use of foot switch of hand switch with cables extended

-limit use of mag mode - increases exposure

Compared to general fluoroscopy when it comes to exposure with C-arm we get

several more mGya/hr. meaning we get more exposure

Protective Garments available in radiography

-Lead aprons

-Thyroid Shields

-Lead Glasses

-Maternity Aprons

-Sterile Lead Gloves

Lead content of lead aprons cover...

75-80% of active bone marrow, and SHALL be at least 0.5 mm Pb equivalent for radiologists and technologists

Lead garments range from

0.25 - 1 mm of lead content

Maternity aprons have....

a band of 1 mm Pb at fetus level (covers abdomen)

1 mm Pb aprons have attenuation of...

99% at 75 kVp, and weighs 12-25 pounds

For Pb garments and attenuation %, if kVp is not stated for with...

75 kVp

Aprons from the 0.5 mm Pb weigh...

6-15 pounds

Mobile radiography

there are no permanent protective barriers so we should use the maximum distance

Personnel in special procedures (interventional procedures) recieve higher exposure due to...

longer fluoro time and absence of the protective lead curtain contributes to higher exposure

-use the same protective measures as fluoroscopy

During Interventional procedures what area of the body can reach Dose Equivalent Limit if care is not taken?

Extremities

Filtration during Fluoroscopy SHOULD be at least...

2.5 mm Al equivalent (to reduce skin dose)

The Pb apron for fluoroscopy SHALL be

worn and be at least 0.5 mm Pb equivalent

Bucky slot covers for fluoroscopy SHOULD be

positioned to protect operators at 0.25 mm Pb

Lead drapes for fluoroscopy SHOULD be

provided with 0.25 mm Pb (half the lead requirement of the apron)

The SSD (Source to Skin Distance) for Fluoroscopy SHALL NOT be____________; and SHOULD NOT be______________

less than 12"; less than 15"

Image intensifiers for fluoroscopy SHALL _____________; and SHOULD ______________

serve as primary protective barriers with 1/16 of lead equivalent; be provided on all stationary equipment to make the image brighter

For Fluroscopy the useful beam SHALL be ____________, while the kVp, SID SHALL be ______________

limited to the smallest practicable area; as large as practical

During fluoroscopy the Radiologist SHALL use...

intermittent fluoro

Fluoroscopy SHOULD...

use the shortest exposure time and be done under supervision by a physician

For Fluoroscopy Pb gloves SHOULD be

used and at least 0.25 mm Pb equivalent because hands SHALL NOT be placed in the beam unless you have these

Remote Control Fluoro SHALL

palpate with a mechanical device

For Radiography and Mobile Radiography the useful beam SHALL be ____________, while the kVp, filtration, SID SHOULD be ______________

limited to the smallest practicable area; as large as practical

For Radiography and Mobile Radiography the image System SHOULD be

as sensitive as the exam permits

NCRP states that for radiography a person SHOULD not hold patients, but if one has to they SHALL...

wear protective apron and gloves

The operator for Radiography SHALL...

stand and observe patient behind barrier during exposure

As a rad tech student we...

never hold a patient

For mobile radiography the exposure cords SHALL

allow the operator to be 6ft, from the source during the exposure and the operator is required to stand at least 6ft from the source during exposure

For mobile radiography protective aprons and gloves SHOULD

be used when the operator is closer than 6ft from the patient and/or source

Primary Beam Direction for Mobile Radiography SHALL

only be directed toward the patient and area of interest

For radiography you _____________, while for mobile radiography you _______________

never hold the patient; only hold patient when it is necessary (tech not students)

0.5 mm pb has attenuation of:

88% at 75 kVp

99% at 50 kVp

51% at 100 kVp (most common)

0.25 mm of Pb has attenuation of:

66% at 75 kVp

97% at 55 kVp

51% at 100 kVp

For Fluoroscopy dose is...

directly related to beam on time