Unit 6 AP United States History Review

Covers the topics: Native Americans & Federal Indian Policy, Westward Expansion & Settlement, Railroads & Government Support, Big Business, Capitalism & Social Darwinism, Corruption & Political Machines, Labor, Inequality & Reform Responses, Philanthropy & the Gospel of Wealth, and Settlement Houses & Social Reform.

What was the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887?

The process by which Native Americans were encouraged or forced to adopt European-American cultural norms and lifestyles, often including abandoning their traditional practices and integrating into American society.

What did the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 do?

Broke up tribal lands into individual allotments and intended to turn Native Americans into Christian farmers.

What was the result of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887?

A loss of millions of acres of tribal land.

What did the idea of Reservations do?

Reduced Native sovereignty, increased federal supervision, and became places of cultural survival and resistance.

What did the treaties aim to do?

They often guaranteed land or hunting rights temporarily and broke once White settlers or railroads wanted land.

The conflict of treaties were driven mainly by _________ ____ ______.

competing land claims

Because of treaties, _______ destruction increased conflict and undermined ______ lifeways.

Buffalo, Native

Why did people move West?

Railroads, federal land policies (Homestead Act, land grants), and economic opportunity (farming, mining).

What were some consequences of moving West?

Conflict with Native Americans and agricultural expansion led to overproduction.

What was a pattern of people moving West?

Growth of towns and cities along rail lines.

What were some long-term results of Westward Expansion?

The rise of farmer’s organizations (Grange, Populists) and resistance to corporate control of railroads and markets.

What are some key ideas of railroads?

They were the engine of western development.

What were railroads supported by from the government?

Federal land grants and subsidies.

What did federal land grants and subsidies lead to?

Market expansion, corporate consolidation, and political corruption.

What are some big business characteristics?

Consolidation, corporate power, limited government regulation, and wealth inequality.

What did Social Darwinism believe in?

Economic success = personal merit, wealth concentration is natural and good, and the government should not regulate the economy.

Political machines controlled ____ ___________, provided services in exchange for _____, and _______ reform efforts.

city governments, votes, opposed

What were causes of corruption and political machines?

Rapid urban growth, immigration, and weak regulation.

What were some of the poor working conditions?

Long hours, low wages, unsafe factories, and child labor.

What were some immediate effects of labor and inequality?

Growth of labor unions, strikes, and labor unrest.

Andrew Carnegie was wealthy and had a _____ __________ to help Society.

moral obligation

Carnegie preferred _________, _________, and ____-___________ (not direct handouts).

libraries, education, self-improvement

What were key debates of the Gospel of Wealth?

Charity vs. structural reform and personal responsibility vs. government action

The Settlement House Movement helped __________ and the _____ poor.

immigrants, urban

The Settlement House Movement provided _________, _________, and ______ services.

education, childcare, social

The Settlement House Movement was often led by who?

Women reformers.

What was the historical context of Social Reform?

Massive immigration, urban poverty, and progressive reform movement(s).