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Ovary
female gonad. produces ova and female hormones
Estrogen
develops and maintains both the reproductive and female characteristics
Progesterone
regulares condition of inner ling of the uterus, prepares this lining for potential to accept a fertilized egg
Ova
female gamete
Fallopian Tubes
aka oviduct or uterine tubes. passageway for the ova to travel to the uterus every month. fertilization occurs here
Uterus
thick walled muscular organ. expands to hold the growing fetus
Endometrium
inner lining of the uterus
Myometirum
muscular layer of the uterus
Perimetrium
layer around the uterus
Cervix
end of uterus on top of the vagina. “the donut”. allows for flow of menstrual blood to exit, allows for entrance of sperm
Vagina
the birth canal. conduit for menstrual flow. allows for penis during sexual intercourse. serves as a passageway for a baby during the birth
Hymen
external opening of the vagina
External Genitalia- Vulva
protect the internal reproductive organs.
Mons Pubis
covered with hair and lies over the symphysis pubis
Clitoris
erectile tissue. contains nerve endings
Labia
folds of skin surrounding vagina
Labia Majora
outer fatty folds
Labia Minora
inner folds
Perineum
area between vagina and rectum
Mammary Glands
contains granular and adipose tissue. accessory organ. stimulates by prolactin. production of milk for baby
Areola
darkened area that surrounds the nipple
Nipple
center of breast
Menstrual cycle
first cycle is menarche. averages 28 days w/ four stages.
follicle, ovulation, corpus luteum, and menstruation
Follicle Stage
10 days. the pituitary releases FSH. FSH stimulates follicle and ovum to mature. results in the release of estrogen and preparation of the uterine lining
Ovulation stage
Stop FSH and produces LH. LH, FSH, and estrogen are circulating. around day 14, the follicle ruptures and ovum is released (ovulation)
Corpus Luteum Stage (luteal phase)
progesterone secreted and if egg is fertilized, the hormone will continue. the uterine lining is maintained and further ovulation is prevented. about 14 days
Conception
when sperm travels up through vagina into the uterus and then fertilized an egg if found in the fallopian tubes
Pregnancy
sperm and egg join together to form a fertilized egg and then 3-4 days later the fertilized egg implants itself in the lining of the uterus
Menstruation Stage
when unfertilized ovum is discharged as well as degenerated endometrium if pregnancy has not occured. progesterone secretion is diminished. the uterine lining is discharged over about 6 days
Menopause
when the menstrual cycle ends and usually occurs age 45-55. may occured with the removal of the ovaries (oophorectomy)
Cervical Cancer
change in cells in the cervix. cause: STI with HPV. slow growing. detected by pap smear. tx: surgery and radiation
Endometriosis
endometrial tissue grows in other places outside of the uterus. lining cannot leave the body. s/s: severe cramps, heavy menstruation, pain during or after intercourse. tx: pain killers, hormone birth control, surgical removal of tissue
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes and cervix. cause: STI such as Chlamydia or gonorrhea. tx: antibiotics and pain meds. scarring of the fallopian tube is possible
Toxic Shock Syndrome
overgrowth of staph bacteria. affects menstruating women and those who use super absorbent tampons. s/s: hypotension, high fever, vomiting, respiratory distress. tx: hospitalization and antibiotics
Yeast Infections
overgrowth of candida in the vagina area. occurs when vagina becomes less acidic and i’d often after use of antibiotics. s/s: burning, redness and swelling of the vagina and vulva, pain and burning with urination, and a thick white odorless discharge. tx: antifungal creams or ointments, oral meds.
Amenorrhea
absence of menstruation. missing at least 3 periods in a row
Dysmenorrhea
menstrual cramps
Menorrhagia
heavy or prolonged bleeding with periods
Premenstrual Syndrome
s/s: headache, craving, acne, bloating, mood changes 1-2 week before period. cause: hormone levels changing
Breast Cancer
forms in cells of the breast. common in women but can occur in men. s/s: breast lump, change in size or appearance of breast, newly inverted nipple, redness.
Mastitis
inflammation of the breast tissue. common in breast feeding mothers. involves infection. s/s: breast tenderness and warmth, pain during breast feeding, general illness w/ fever