zoology lab exam 2 - amphibians

all are __pods

tetrapods

what limbs and girdles do they have

pectoral and pelvic

type of skin

smooth, no scales

how do they lose water

through their skin

type of skin glands

numerous, mucous and poison

type of heart

three chambered

what do they need for reproduction

water or moist environment, eggs will dry out otherwise

\# of cranial nerves

10

diaphragm

don’t have a true one, positive pressure breathers

what type of stages do they have

aquatic and terrestrial

most undergo what

metamorphosis

many do or don’t have gilled aquatic stage

do

use just lungs, just gills, or combination

combination

3 clades

anura, apoda, urodela

anura means

without tail

what animals are anura

frogs and toads

what habitats do anura live in

aquatic, semi aquatic, terrestrial, arboreal

anura bodies are specialized how

specialized for jumping with their large hind legs that are attached to the large pelvic girdle

anura front legs are what

small, helps with jumping

do anura have tail or no tail

no tail

anura are __ feeders

sight, large eyes and good vision

anura use _ fertilization

external

most anura have a \[\] larval stage that undergoes \[\]

tadpole, metamorphosis

frogs or toads are more aquatic (anura)

frogs

frogs or toads are more slender (anura)

frogs

frogs or toads have longer back legs and are better jumpers (anura)

frogs

frogs or toads are more terrestrial (anura)

toads

frogs or toads have large parotoid glands behind their eyes (anura)

toads

frogs or toads have shorter, stouter bodies (anura)

toads

frogs or toads often have rough, warty skin (anura)

toads

urodela means

with tails

typical urodela

salamanders, newts, sirens, amphiuma

urodela have a _ adult stage in their life cycle

terrestrial

urodela have a _ aquatic stage that goes under \[\] into \[\] adult stage

larval, metamorphosis, terrestrial

most urodela reproduce using _ fertilization

internal

urodela, males produce _ that is picked up by female

spermatophore

urodela aquatic larval stage do or don’t have eyelids

do not

urodela aquatic larval stage have what structure on tail

finlike for swimmingu

urodela have what gills

external

urodela do or don’t have functional lateral line system

do

some urodela do or do not undergo metamorphosis

do not

some urodela are referred to as ___

neonates, retains larval characteristics into adulthood

apoda means

limblessa

apoda are known as

caecilians

apoda do or do not have limbs/girdles

do not

apoda are mostly ___ (environment)

burrowers, some are aquatic

apoda have _ eyes

small

apoda, most adults are _ (Vision)

blind

apoda most do or do not produce eggs

do, but few give live birth

apoda are found mostly in _ environment

tropical forests, none in the US

amphibians are __ therm

endoterm

endotherm

body heat from outside

their legs project

laterally

they are _ thermic

poikilothermic

direct development means

eggs hatch into miniature adult, no larval stagei

indirect development means

aquatic larval stage, egg hatches, larva doesn’t look like adult, metamorphosis, then adult

1

scapular

2

radio-ulna

3

humerus

4

tibiofibula

5

femur

6

tarsus

7

metatarsus

8

phalanges

9

phalange

10

metacarpus

11

carpus

12

urostyle

13

ilium

1

femur

2

fibula

3

tarsals

4

phalanges

5

metatarsals

unlabeled on back foot above 5

tibia

6

ribs

7

humerus

8

ulna

9

carpals

10

phalanges

11

metacarpals

12

radius

13

atlas

14

frontal

15

dentary

1

radi-ulna

2

humerus

3

suprascapula

4

atlas

5

phalanges

6

metacarpals

7

carpals

8

urostyle

9

ilium

10

tibiofibula

11

phalanges

12

metatarsals

13

tarsals

14

femur

11

trochlear nerve