all are __pods
tetrapods
what limbs and girdles do they have
pectoral and pelvic
type of skin
smooth, no scales
how do they lose water
through their skin
type of skin glands
numerous, mucous and poison
type of heart
three chambered
what do they need for reproduction
water or moist environment, eggs will dry out otherwise
# of cranial nerves
10
diaphragm
don’t have a true one, positive pressure breathers
what type of stages do they have
aquatic and terrestrial
most undergo what
metamorphosis
many do or don’t have gilled aquatic stage
do
use just lungs, just gills, or combination
combination
3 clades
anura, apoda, urodela
anura means
without tail
what animals are anura
frogs and toads
what habitats do anura live in
aquatic, semi aquatic, terrestrial, arboreal
anura bodies are specialized how
specialized for jumping with their large hind legs that are attached to the large pelvic girdle
anura front legs are what
small, helps with jumping
do anura have tail or no tail
no tail
anura are __ feeders
sight, large eyes and good vision
anura use _ fertilization
external
most anura have a [] larval stage that undergoes []
tadpole, metamorphosis
frogs or toads are more aquatic (anura)
frogs
frogs or toads are more slender (anura)
frogs
frogs or toads have longer back legs and are better jumpers (anura)
frogs
frogs or toads are more terrestrial (anura)
toads
frogs or toads have large parotoid glands behind their eyes (anura)
toads
frogs or toads have shorter, stouter bodies (anura)
toads
frogs or toads often have rough, warty skin (anura)
toads
urodela means
with tails
typical urodela
salamanders, newts, sirens, amphiuma
urodela have a _ adult stage in their life cycle
terrestrial
urodela have a _ aquatic stage that goes under [] into [] adult stage
larval, metamorphosis, terrestrial
most urodela reproduce using _ fertilization
internal
urodela, males produce _ that is picked up by female
spermatophore
urodela aquatic larval stage do or don’t have eyelids
do not
urodela aquatic larval stage have what structure on tail
finlike for swimmingu
urodela have what gills
external
urodela do or don’t have functional lateral line system
do
some urodela do or do not undergo metamorphosis
do not
some urodela are referred to as ___
neonates, retains larval characteristics into adulthood
apoda means
limblessa
apoda are known as
caecilians
apoda do or do not have limbs/girdles
do not
apoda are mostly ___ (environment)
burrowers, some are aquatic
apoda have _ eyes
small
apoda, most adults are _ (Vision)
blind
apoda most do or do not produce eggs
do, but few give live birth
apoda are found mostly in _ environment
tropical forests, none in the US
amphibians are __ therm
endoterm
endotherm
body heat from outside
their legs project
laterally
they are _ thermic
poikilothermic
direct development means
eggs hatch into miniature adult, no larval stagei
indirect development means
aquatic larval stage, egg hatches, larva doesn’t look like adult, metamorphosis, then adult
1
scapular
2
radio-ulna
3
humerus
4
tibiofibula
5
femur
6
tarsus
7
metatarsus
8
phalanges
9
phalange
10
metacarpus
11
carpus
12
urostyle
13
ilium
1
femur
2
fibula
3
tarsals
4
phalanges
5
metatarsals
unlabeled on back foot above 5
tibia
6
ribs
7
humerus
8
ulna
9
carpals
10
phalanges
11
metacarpals
12
radius
13
atlas
14
frontal
15
dentary
1
radi-ulna
2
humerus
3
suprascapula
4
atlas
5
phalanges
6
metacarpals
7
carpals
8
urostyle
9
ilium
10
tibiofibula
11
phalanges
12
metatarsals
13
tarsals
14
femur
11
trochlear nerve