Chemistry Chapter I

scientific law

it summarizes an observable behavior

scientific law definition

a unifying concept; often a mathematical description of the way in which a natural phenomenon occurs

newton’s conclusion on universal gravitation

scientific law

scientific theory

a model used to explain how or why a phenomenon occurs

evolution by darwin is best thought of as a:

theory

the law of conservation of mass

matter cannot be created nor destroyed

when methane is completely combusted in oxygen forming carbon dioxide and water, how does the mass of the reactant gases compare to the products?

the masses of the reactants and products are equal

a homogeneous mixture is also called a _____

solution

italian dressing contains olive oil and vinegar, which will separate out from each other if left to sit. this makes the dressing a______

heterogenous mixture

a gold bar is an example of a______

element

a bar of soap is an example of a(n)______

mixture

a human is an example of a______

Heterogeneous mixture

a sample of copper is an example of a________

element

an iron nail is an example of a________

element

baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) is an example of a_______

compound

calcium is an example of a_________

element

gasoline is composed of a variety of different liquid hydrocarbons, which do not separate as time passes. gasoline is an example of a________

solution

glucose is an example of a________

compound

helium filling a balloon is an example of a_______

element

the smallest stable building block of matter is a _________

atom

water and laundry detergent are mixed together, with detergent molecules dispersing uniformly throughout the liquid. This is an example of a______

homogeneous mixture

what is a compound that contains exactly 3 elements?

CH2O

what is an example of an element?

iron

what is an example of an element?

nickel

what is a chemical property of matter example?

flammability

what is a physical property of matter example?

density

what is a pure substance that can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means?

compound

what is an example of an extensive property of a copper nugget?

has a mass of 52.3g

what is an example of an intensive property of a gold bar?

the bar has a density of 19.2 g/mL

which of the following would be a chemical property of a sample of neon gas?

it is inert

what is an example of a physical property of glucose?

in its pure form, it is a white powder.

what is an example of an extensive property of the element carbon?

the mass of a carbon sample

what is an example of a chemical change involving water?

H2O(l) → H2(g) + (1/2)O2(g)

what is an example of a chemical change?

cooking an egg

what is an example of a physical change?

water is boiled in a microwave

what is an example of a physical change?

ice forms as water is poured over dry ice

what is an example of a chemical change?

milk turns sour after sitting at room temperature for a few days

SI unit for length

meter

what quantity is equivalent to 3.7cm

3.7×10^-5km

how to do convert celsius to fahrenheit?

multiply by 9/5 and add 32

how do you convert celsuis to kelvin?

add 273.15

SI unit for temperature

Kelvin

exact quantity example

there are 2.54cm in an inch

what is an example of a quantity that is not defined?

barometric pressure

how many cubic centimeters are in one cubic meter?

1000000

if the density of a piece of cork is 0.260 g/cm³ will the item sink or float in pure water?

float

if the density of a piece of high density polyurethane is 1.05 g/cm³ will the item float or sink in pure water?

sink

density of a substance is defined as its mass per unit volume. if the mass of the object increases, what must the volume do in order for the density to stay the same?

volume must increase

Density of a substance is its mass per unit volume. If the mass is increased while the volume remains constant, what happens to the density of the object?

density will increase

How many significant figures does the number 48.050 have?

5

how many significant figures does the number 0.054901 have?

5

calculate the number of sig figs in 1.030g/2.87mL

0.359 g/mL

calculate the number of sig figs in 6.38ft * 2ft

13ft²