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Neuron
nerve cell; specialized for carrying messages throughout the nervous system
Stimulus
signal to which an organism responds
Sensory Neuron
type of nerve cell that receives information from sensory receptors and conveys signals to the central nervous system
Interneuron
type of neuron that processes information and may relay information to motor neurons
Response
specific reaction to a stimulus
Motor Neuron
type of nerve cell that carries directions from interneurons to either muscle cells or glands
Ganglion
group of interneurons
Cerebrum
part of the brain responsible for voluntary activities of the body; includes the “thinking” regions of the brain
Cerebellum
part of the brain that coordinates movement and controls balance
Hydrostatic skeleton
skeleton made of fluid-filled body segments work with muscles to allow the animal to move
Exoskeleton
external skeleton; tough external covering that protects and supports the body of many invertebrates
Endoskeleton
internal skeleton; structural support system within the body of an animal
Joint
place where one bone attaches to another bone
Placenta
specialized organ that enables exchange of respiratory gases, nutrients, and wastes between the mother and her developing young
Metamorphosis
a developmental process that involves dramatic changes in shape and form
Amniotic egg
egg composed of shell and membranes that creates a protected environment in which the embryo can develop out of water
Mammary gland
gland in female mammals that produce milk to nourish the young
Endocrine gland
gland that releases its secretions (hormones) directly into the blood, which transports the secretions to other areas of the body
Ectotherm
animal whose body temperatures is determined by the temperature of its environment
Endotherm
animal whose body temperature is regulated, at least in part, using heat generated within its body