AP History Ch. 8

gave a direct voice to the people only in the house

In a new distinction between democracy and republicanism, the delegates to the Constitutional Convention

creating a plural presidency to be shared by three men elected by the congress from among its membership

The New Jersey Plan departed for the Articles of Confederation by

how to balance the conflicting interests of large and small states

The fundamental issue raised at the Constitutional Convention was

called for a one-chamber legislature in which each state would have one vote

The New Jersey Plan proposed at the Constitutional Convention

Madison and Hamilton

The two men who were instrumental in calling for the Philadelphia meeting in May 1787 to discuss revising the Articles of Confederation were

reflect colonial property qualifications to prevent women and very poor people from demanding the vote

Writers of the new state constitutions believed that voting requirements should

on a lower house whose seats would be apportioned on the basis of population, and an upper house-the Senate-that would have two senators per state

As a part of the Great Compromise, delegates at the Philadelphia convention agreed

as newspaper articles that detailed the failures of the Articles of Confederation

The authors of The Federalist essays originally wrote them

George Mason and Patrick Henry

The fight over ratification in Virginia proved to be very close because the influence of George Washington and James Madison was countered by Antifederalist arguments from

fear that distant power might infringe on people's liberties

The core of Antifederalists' opposition to the Constitution centered on

by public auction at a minimum purchase price of a dollar per acre and in minimum parcels of 640 acres each

Under the Ordinance of 1785's guidelines for land sales in the Northwest Territory, land would be sold

an executive and judicial branch as well as the power to levy taxes

Under the Articles of Confederation, the confederation government lacked

not named, but its existence was recognized and guaranteed

When the Constitution was drafted, slavery was

Virginia, Massachusetts, and New York

Opposition to the Constitution came from substantial majorities in which of the following three most populous states?

passing a 5 percent import tax (called an import)

Robert Morris proposed to increase the revenue of the confederation government by

each state had a single vote in Congress

Under the Articles of Confederation,

they were afraid the words could be construed to apply to slaves

Some states were reluctant to include "equality language" in their bill of rights and constitutions because

the state's size and power in relation to the new federal government

Antifederalism in New York centered on

Delaware

The first state to ratify the Constitution was

that the representation of the states in both houses of the congress would be based on population

The major objection to the Virginia Plan by the smaller states at the Constitutional Convention was

the states were sovereign and familiar

Between 1776 and 1780, the states attracted the most talented statesmen because

were concerned about the weaknesses in the government under the Articles of Confederation

The delegates to the Constitutional Convention in 1787 generally

the unwritten nature of British political traditions led to Americans being denied liberties they had assumed they possessed

Most of the new states spelled out their citizens' rights and liberties in written contracts because

sale of the huge territory ceded by Virginia, which in 1784 became the national domain

While Robert Morris's tax proposal didn't take effect and the Bank of North America did not resuscitate the economy in the 1780s, the confederation still had the potential to obtain wealth through

an exceptional scholar with no real plan for his life

James Madison emerged from Princeton College in 1771

clashes with the Indian tribes that occupied the land

The most serious obstacle to settlement in the Northwest Territory was

New Jersey

Which state allowed free blacks and women to vote in the early years of the republic?

disfranchised 25 to 50 percent of all adult white males

Property qualifications for voters and candidates in the new states

Virginia Plan

At the Constitutional Convention, the proposal to create a two-chamber legislature, with representation in both houses based on each state's population, was known as

prevent any one faction from subverting the freedom of other groups

In essay number 10, The Federalist, James Madison maintained that the constitutional government would

reduced the powers of the governor

In devising their new constitutions, most states

claims to western lands

The Articles of Confederation were finally approved in 1781 when all states agreed to surrender their

the realization that the Articles of Confederation were inadequate and thus a reworking of national government was needed

The major legacy of Shays's Rebellion was

dispatch of armed militiamen

Massachusetts responded to Shays's Rebellion with a

representation

The Constitutional Convention deadlocked over the issue of

national over state governments

The Constitution most clearly shifted the balance of power in favor of

their desire to block the Constitution

Antifederalists were united mainly by

Federalists

Pro-Constitution forces called themselves

the conviction that government rests on the consent of the governed

A shared feature of all the state constitutions drawn up during the American Revolution was

in ratifying conventions in nine of the thirteen states

Before the Constitution could go into effect, it had to be ratified

increased taxes on farmers in Massachusetts

Shays's Rebellion of 1786 was the result of

include a bill of rights

Virginia's Constitution was the first to

Slaves were counted under the three-fifths clause

At the Philadelphia convention, which of the following was the compromise reached on the issue of who counted as population for the purpose of deciding representation?

lawyers

Two-thirds of the Constitutional Convention's delegates were

prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787

the largest emancipation of blacks in the country occurred because of their association with the British

In the deep South, immediately after the Revolution

most northern states

In the quarter century after 1775, legislatures provided for the immediate or gradual abolition of slavery in

devised the electoral college

To create a presidency out of reach of the direct democracy, the delegates to the Constitutional Convention

set out a rectangular grid system for surveying land and established township perimeters

In the land ordinances of 1784 and 1785, Congress

huge state and federal war debts, private debts, and rapid expenditure

Factors leading to the postwar depression that began in the mid-1780s included