Etruscan Art Final Exam

**Sarcophagus of a Married Couple, Terracotta, 530-20 BC, Louvre and Rome** 

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*Kline*- banqueting couch 

*Tebenna* - short cape for men 

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Married couples wanted to be presented in this way 

Gestures that are meaningful - objects were lost, made of different material 

Relatively realistic rendering of upper body 

Archaic smile 

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*Alabastrion*- small container for scented oil 

*Tutulus* - a high, domed type of woolen hat worn by the women 

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Banqueting was important in life as well as funeral practices 

The upper body is alive and interacting, while The rest of the body is flat and not realistic 

Combination of banqueting in the real world and the body disappearing in a realistic form 

\-half and half 

To understand that 

Flesh versus paralyzed legs

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**Sarcophagus of Ramtha Visnai and Arnth Tetnies, Nenfro, 4th BC**

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No banqueting pictured here

Older aged individuals - man has beard 

Narrow bed - no attempt of sexual tension 

Two elderly meloncholy and eventually sad according to facial expression 

He held some high administrative office

She was probably a priestess 

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Somber mood but comforting

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We are looking inside their bed chambers 

Intimate details of their relationship 

No archaic details 

More recent style

Change in iconography and taste

**Sarcophagus of Larth Ternies and Thanchvil Tarnai, Limestone, 4th BC** 

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The gaze - erotic and sexual 

Emphasis on youthfulness and flesh 

Younger people 

Physical attraction is present 

Differences in chronology 

Different taste

Consider to be earlier than the previous 

The Son and Daughter-in-law may have died earlier 

Not celebrations happening, going directly to placement of bodies in bed chamber

**Ash Urn in the Form of a Seated Women Holding a Baby, Limestone, 5th BC** 

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It should belong to the golden age of style - but it is a severe style 

The transition from Archaic to a golden age - no expression/blank 

Baby looks like a toddler corpse 

Some orientalizing element of the sphinx on the throne 

Emphasized hands - almost organically attached to the baby’s body - protection 

**Mars (God of War) from Todi, Bronze, 5/4th BC** 

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Etruscan spontaneity - mostly in painting 

Bronze works were more skillful and appropriate 

There is a dedication on the clothing 

Can stand without support because its light 

It would have held a drinking cup and a lance 

The helmet is missing 

Roman armor that is almost overly detailed 

No heel is lifted but there is still a sense of motion - artificial pose 

Original helmet was there when the statue was found but got lost

**Tomb of the Reliefs, Cerveteri, 4th BC for the Matuna Family** 

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Enite family wanted to be buried in entire 3 dimensional house - including pets 

Objects painted with stucco and paint 

And are plastered in the wall as it would be in regular residence 

Object used to make cheese and other tools and chairs 

Including an linen book and drinking cup 

Everything was created to show and emphasis the head of the family 

Rest of family had simple klines 

Niches are for the more relevant people in the family

**Sarcphagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa, Terracotta, Near Chiusi, 2nd BC**

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Skeltin of women that was buried inside we have 

5 silver pieces are gone 

There is a detailed study of her

Found in a single chamber - unusual not buried with rest of family 

She was married and had wealthy family 

Delivered kids 

Brought in pieces and esemblesd in tomb 

Presented as a bride 

Leaning against pillow, holding an open mirror 

Her face - the painted is pretty much preserved 

Earrings and golden necklace 

Her lips are partially open - kind of portraiture 

5’2 and robust build 

Pelvic extreme damages and left side of jaw 

She had dental infection that made her life miserable - could not eat or chew 

Her skeleton showed she was a horse rider and was probably crushed 

**Sarcphagus of Larthia Seianti, Terracotta, Near Chiusi**  

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Belonged to the same family 

Found in the multi-chamber tomb with other family members 

The difference in posture and more slim, elongated figure 

The facial expression is also different 

Closed mirror 

**Old Married Couple, Terracotta, 2nd/1st BC** 

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Women on belly staring at the husband 

Emphasis on age and pose

Wrinkles

Unusual to see grotesque representation

An unpleasant study of two elderly people Despite the closeness, there is a disconnect in the relationship

**Votive Statue of a Boy, Ombra della sera, Cast Bronze, 3rd BC**

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Thin, disappearing figure 

Flatness and distortion of proportions

**The Orator, Bronze, 80 BC**

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Last visual proof of etruscan assimilation to rome

Roman senator - who was etruscan greeting the populus

Became roman 

Without inscription we couldn't connect the work the Etruscan 

Dressed in a toga 

Face of elderly gentlemen 

Votive image

Someone who really wanted to be roman but could not avoid dedication in etruscan language 

Statue that was dedicated to some god such as tinia or jupiter ?

Cerberus

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Three-headed dog 

Snake for tail 

Etruscan humor 

Guardian figure

Tuchulcha

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Grotesque/horrifc presentations

Used to present some charafcters in the 16th chapel

**Vanth** 

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Female demon with wings in most cases

Snakes and torch and key also seen with her 

Accompanies you on the journey

**Charun** 

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Demon of death 

Appears at this time 

Helping you to knock on the door of the entrance into another world

Votive Gifts and Offerings

In order to get help you needed to give something 

Mostly for personal misfortune or health issues or negative happens 

Sometimes there were gifts of thanks

**Chimaira, Bronze, 5/4th BC** 

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Partial preserve 

It is inscribed 

Votive image to the gods 

Probably missing a bronze or silver tongue 

Eye sockets are missing 

Would have been more colorful with the additional parts 

Physical and emotional human elements that are attached to the bronze 

Exaggerated and distorted - emotional response

Larth Velcha and Velia Seitithi 

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Change in iconography of banquets 

Funeral banqueting is being painted but the wife is now separated from her husband - Roman influence 

Man is reclining and woman is sat in front and separate 

Status of slaves - beginning of slaves being treated and nicely dressed - footwear is identical 

The servant is beautiful and tasteful - has makeup and is comparable to the mistress 

The wife is without expression as well as the husband 

There is a banquet but it has changed - more mechanical 

**Head of Velia, wife of Arnth Velcha, Tomb of the Orcus I, 4th BC** 

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Darkness is emphasized with colors 

Assume that demons are around 

Presented in a profile - greek 

Headdress and double necklace - but no expression 

Silence and emphazing that its not alive

**Tomb of the Orcus II, Aita and Phersiphai,** 

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Couple of the underworld 

Snake in the hair and wolf cap 

Emphasis on profiles

Depression and complete change - economical disaters

Velthur Velcha and Ravnthu Aprthnai 

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Parents of previous 

Musicians are pictured very athletic and beautiful 

The wife is pictured with somber and silent expression 

She is not looking at the husband - disconnect