speech and hearing wk 3

what is the concept of multidimensional-dimensional boundaries?

• there are multiple dimensions/cue listeners pick up on when perceiving speech

according to research, how many dimensional cues are there?

16 - e.g. volume, VOT, duration, pitch, etc

what is cue weighting and trading relationships?

cue - one cue may outweigh another e.g.focus on duration vs voice quality

trading - focus may shift from one to another - voice quality instead of duration

what are the two 1D boundaries?

1. steepness

2. location

what do we know about the steepness of the gradient when looking across ages?

• adults have more steeper gradiants, therefore more distinct categoies

• this increase in steepness occurs between the ages of 6-12

• adults are better at categorising stops vs fricatives

what is the explaination for better adult categorisation performance?

1. greater attention span

2. less crossover between categories

how can we control for errors (attention or other) in experiments"?

we can use catch trials. e.g. adding trick questions/near guarenteed answers to sort between people who can/cant do the experiemnt. we can then categorise them as outliers

what do we know about the steepness of the gradient when looking at people with dyslexia?

• the steepness of the gradiet is greater in those who do not have dyslexia

• at the step endpoints, there is less correct answers in ppl w dyslexia - may indicate attention errors rather than caability errors

• for non-temporal sounds, both groups have the same steepness

what do we know about the location boundary looking across first languages?

• spanish speaking ppl have an earlier location boundary from voiced to voiceless stops beacuse they have “true” stops vs late VOT aspirated stops in english

what do we know about the location boundary looking across second languages?

• finding was that spanish speaker early in learning english have earlier boundary locations vs those who were more advanced in their english

• they get closer to the english location boundary the more advanced they become in english

what are the stages of acquiring anew language?

1. L1 based on native language - mapping dissimilar sounds into the same category, mapping into the next best category

2. L1 transfer in acquiring L2 speech

3. updating L1 ad 2 in acquiring L2 speech