The Art & Science of Expertise

Flashcards from The Art & Science of Expertise Course Wrap-Up

Performance (definition)

The process of carrying out or accomplishing an action, task, or function.

Expertise (definition)

Advanced knowledge, skill, and experience in a specific domain that enables high-level performance and problem solving acquired through extensive education, training, feedback, and experience. Neural efficiency (myelinated circuitry)

Myelin (definition)

A protective sheath that insulates nerve fibers (axons) in the central and peripheral nervous system which helps increase the speed and accuracy of nerve impulses and build neural pathways.

Neuroplasticity (definition)

The ability of our brain and nervous system to grow and evolve.

Fixed Mindset

The belief that skills are static and something you're born with.

Growth Mindset

The idea that skills come from hard work and can always improve.

Deliberate Practice

Task with a well-defined goal with motivation to improve and feedback. Also requires many opportunities for repetition and gradual refinements of performance needing full concentration and problem-solving

Grit

Passion for, and perseverance toward, long-term goals

Self-control

Inhibiting strong, momentary, but less- important activities in favor of weaker, long-term, ultimately more important goals

Harmonious Passion

Doing something because you love it; it is just a part of your life. You do it to learn, not just to win, and you are in control.

Obsessive Passion

Doing something for others, status, glory, or money; it is your whole life. You are the best…or you are nothing, and it controls you.

Mastery Goal Orientation

Goal is to be better today than I was yesterday, tracking running speed and distance every day

Performance Goal Orientation

Goal is to outperform everyone else. Example: Frequent checking of one’s national ranking.

Amotivation

Nonintentional, Nonvaluing, Incompetence, Lack of Control

Minimum Viable/Lovable Product (MVP)

Complete a Minimum Viable/loVable Product

Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM)

To understand how people accomplish cognitive work and help them improve their performance, relying on methods of naturalistic inquiry to analyze and describe individual and team macrocognitive phenomena in settings where they naturally occur.

Learned Optimism

Combination of hope and confidence in future successful outcomes which can be changed.

Learned Pessimism

Lack of hope plus low confidence in the future and successful outcomes.

Acute Stress

Temporary stress (e.g., exams, presentations).

Chronic Stress

Long-term stress (e.g., financial worries, academic pressure).

Trauma

An emotional and physiological response to an extremely stressful or distressing event that overwhelms an individual's ability to cope.

Deliberate Mindfulness

The intentional cultivation of mindfulness by paying attention moment -to-moment with non-judgmental awareness

Effortless Mindfulness

Spontaneously being mindful in the moment-to-moment with non- judgmental awareness

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

The gap between what the student is currently capable of doing independently, and what they can do with support.

Active Listening

Give your full attention, practice non-judgment, use reflective listening and paraphrase, ask open-ended questions, and validate their feelings. Seek First to Understand and then to be understood.