Unit 6 APES

point source

 a distinct location from which pollution is directly produced 

nonpoint source

a diffuse area that produced pollution

homeostasis

the ability to experience relatively stable internal conditions in their bodies 

Lead

sources	Type	Health impact	Additional info
-old pipes,old paint & old gasolines -electronic waste	neurotoxin	-brain damage & kidney	-Flint, Michigan switched water supply from Detroit to Flint River to save money, but they had higher chloride concentrations, corrosive →lead contamination in drinking water  -babies & toddlers can ingest paint chips in old houses & from toys  -bioaccumulation

Arsenic

-occurs naturally in the Earth’s crust - groundwater -mining & industrial uses

Carcinogen

-cancers -can take 10yrs/more after exposure to develop

-EPA upper limit of 10 ppb  - worldwide issue  -removed via fine membrane filtration

Mercury

-burning fossil fuels → released into the air  -falls w/ rain into rivers & oceans -bioaccumulation & biomagnification -found in large fish (ex. Tuna, swordfish) -also released from electronic waste

Neurotoxin

-Brain damage & kidney

-Minamata Bay, Japan → 1,000s died from Mercury dumped into the bay & contaminated seafood  -bioaccumulates -in water, bacteria transform to methylmercury (also toxic)

PCBs

sources	Type	Health impacts
-industry  -used to manufacture plastics & insulate electrical transformers	Carcinogen	Neurotoxin -brain damage & kidney problems

PBDE

-household dust -electronics, furniture, foam products  -fish, aquatic birds, & human breast milk

-brain damage in children -thyroid disruption & neurotoxicity  -cardiac issues; high blood pressure, coronary heart disease -tumors in liver, adrenal glands, testicles, breasts & kidney -obesity -reproductive health problems

-The European Union & several states have banned the manufacturer types of PBDEs

carcinogen

-chemicals that cause cancer

sources: mines, groundwater, building materials, soil industry 

Ex. asbestos, radon, formaldehyde, arsenic, PCBs, vinyl chloride, Radon

Effects: cancer, breathing

neurotoxin

chemicals that disrupt the nervous systems

Sources: paint, gasoline, burning coal, fish consumption

ex. Lead, mercury

Effects: impaired learning, nervous system disorder, damage to brain, kidney, liver

teratogen

-chemicals that interfere w/ the normal development of embryos or fetuses 

Sources: alcohol, pharmaceuticals, tobacco

Ex. thalidomide, alcohol 

Effects: reduced fetal growth, brain & nervous system damage

allergen

-chemicals that cause allergic reactions

Sources: food, latex, pharmaceuticals, pollutants

Ex. peanuts, milk, bee stings, shellfish, drugs 

Effects: breathing difficulty, hives

Endocrine disruptors

-chemicals that interfere w/the normal functioning of hormones in an animal’s body 

Source: herbicides, insecticides, plastics, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals

Ex. atrazine, DDT, phthalates

Effects: feminization of males, early onset of puberty, low sperm count, thinning eggshells of birds

wastewater

the water produced by livestock operations & human activities, including human sewage from toilets & gray water from bathing & washing clothes & dishes

mutagens

• a type of carcinogen that causes damage to the genetic material of cell

persistence

the length of time a chemical remains in the environment