APUSH - Period 2: 1607 to 1754

What was the first permanent English settlement in America and when was it founded?

Jamestown, VI founded May 14, 1607

What was the House of Burgess?

1619 - first form of government modeled by the English Parliament. Could levy taxes and pass laws

What was the Great Puritan Migration?

1620 to 1640 - Pilgrims fled from England to New England

Why did Puritans leave England?

to escape religious persecution

Other than religion, why did people immigrate to the American colonies?

gold and land

What was the Mayflower Compact?

1620 - set of rules for a self-government made by the English travelling on the Mayflower

What was the Halfway Convenant?

1662 - plan that allowed adults whos parents were church members to have their children baptized

Who was Squanto and what did he do?

A Native that escaped from capture and taught the settlers in Plymouth how to fish and grow crops.

Who was John Winthrop?

"a city upon a hill", Puritan leader who led the Great Migration

What was the significance of the Halfway Covenant?

allow more people to become church members which allowed them to vote

What did Anne Hutchinson believe?

Challenged male authority and acceptable gender roles by preaching to men and women. Questioned Puritan teachings

What did Roger Williams believe?

Religion shouldn't be regulated by the governed, but it should be an individual freedom

What was a proprietary colony?

colony create when an English monarch granted a huge tract of land to an individual as his private property

What was the headright system?

A system of land distribution during the early colonial era that granted settlers a set amount of land for each person who settled in the colony

What were indentured servants?

individual contracted to serve for a period of 4-7 years in return for payment of passage to America

What was the Pequot War?

1636 to 37 - Conflict between English settlers and Pequot Indians over control of land and trade in eastern Connecticut

What was the significance of the establishment of Rhode Island?

1636 - Roger Williams founded Providence and was the first colony with complete Religious tolerance

What were the Navigation Acts?

1651 - English Parliament passed acts to regulate colonial trade so that they would only trade with English colonies and English owned ships

What was Kind Phillip's War?

1675 to 76 - between Wampanoags, Narragansetts, and other Native peoples against English settlers

What caused King Philip's War in 1675?

As new generations of Pilgrims and Wampanoags were emerging, the people were forgetting their early friendship

What was Bacon's Rebellion?

1670 - rebellion in Virginia led by Nathaniel Bacon and indentured servants against William Berkeley

What was the result of Bacon's Rebellion?

Wealthy land owners purchased more slaves so that they could have more control

How was France involved in fur trade?

Samuel de Champlain created alliances with Montagnaos and Hurons which became their sources of trade.

What was the Pueblo Revolt?

1680 - Pueblo Natives in New Mexico revolted against their Spanish overloads, sparked by Spanish suppression of native religious activity and excessive Spanish demands for Native labor

What was the Glorious Revolution?

1688 to 1689 - bloodless revolt in England. Parliament overthrew Catholic King James II and replaced him with his Protestant Daughter Mary and her husband William

Who was John Locke?

English philosopher during the Enlightenment who believed that humans were born with natural rights, and their agreement to follow the government was the only reason why there was a government

What was the Middle Passage?

voyage of slaves from West Africa to the American colonies

What was the Stono Rebellion?

1739 - uprising of South Carolina slaves where they burned plantations and killed white people. inspired by the freedom granted to slaves if they escaped to Florida

What were the Salem Witch Trials?

1692 to 1693 - in Salem, MA women and men were accused of being witches who made a pact with the devil, some were executed for the believed crime

What was the result of the Salem Witch Trials?

one of the last times people were executed for religious reasons in North America

What is mercantilism?

idea that the nation's wealth and power were best served by increasing exports and trade

What is capitalism?

economic and political system where a country's trade and industries are controlled by private owners for profit

What was Triangular Trade?

importing slaved Africans to the Americas, cotton and other raw materials from Americas to Europe, and textiles and other manufactured goods from Europe to West Africa

What was the Virginia Slave Code?

1707 - slaves were defined as property and told slave owners how to treat their slaves

What was the main reason for settlement in Jamestown?

gold and riches

When was tobacco first farmed in the Americas

1812

What caused the increase in need for slave labor in the Caribbean in the 1830s?

high sugarcane demands

What class were the people who were representatives in assemblies in?

elite wealthy classes

What were the effects of mercantilism?

massive wealth for merchants, investors, and plantation owners and turned America's seaports into thriving urban centers

What 3 crops farmed by slaves were important exports?

tobacco, sugarcane, and indigo

What were strategies of covert resistance to slavery?

instance to maintain cultural practices, broke tools, faked illness

What were strategies of overt resistance to slavery?

rebellions

What was the Enlightenment?

The intellectual and philosophical movement started in 1835. introduced ideas of natural rights and a government of checks and balances

What was the idea of the social contract during the Enlightenment?

idea that people were in a contract with their government. The power to govern is in the people's hands, so their job was to take some of that power and give it to the government. The government was supposed to protect the natural rights of the people. If the government broke the contract, it was the people's right to overthrow the government.

What was the Great Awakening?

1730 - religious revival especially of the Christian faith that bound the colonists together

Who was George Whitfield?

preacher during the Great Awakening who traveled to all the colonies to spread ideas of Christianity

What was impressment?

seizing colonial men and then forcing them to serve in the royal navy

What was the significance of impressment on the colonies?

colonies were becoming more aware of their natural rights and were refusing to allow their natural rights to be violated by England

What was the Molasses Act?

May 17, 1733 - British imposed taxes on molasses, sugar, and rum imported from non-British colonies to force Americans to buy from the British

What was the Seven Years War (French and Indian War)?

War against French and Britain over North American land.